ASTM D6337-98(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator Fabrics
Standard Practice for Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator Fabrics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is important to recognize that all woven paint applicator fabrics are pile fabrics and can be a combination of several different yarns, in a range of densities, chemical compositions, and pile heights, which may influence painting performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the dimensions, terminology, and characteristics generally considered of importance to those dealing with woven paint applicator fabrics and describes methods for determining these parameters. This practice is not meant to be a definitive analytical method to deformulate woven fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6337 − 98 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator
Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the dimensions, terminology, and 3.1 Definitions:
characteristics generally considered of importance to those
3.1.1 Several terms in this practice are defined in accor-
dealing with woven paint applicator fabrics and describes
dance with Terminology D123.
methods for determining these parameters. This practice is not
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
meant to be a definitive analytical method to deformulate
3.2.1 backcoating, n—a resin coating that is usually applied
woven fabrics.
to the back of a fabric and heat cured to enhance its stability.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.2 backing, n—a set of warp yarns or ends of defined
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
composition that help create the base of a fabric that runs the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
length of the fabric (see Fig. 1).
and are not considered standard.
3.2.3 case of fabric, n—a box of cloth, ready for shipping,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
usually consisting of slit reels.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 dyelot, n—a specific quantity that is processed to-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gether and can be comparatively ranked within or among other
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dyelots.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.2.5 end, n—one warp yarn (see Fig. 1).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.6 fiber, n—an individual strand or filament of finite or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
continuous length that may be of a natural or synthetic origin.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.7 filling, n—an individual yarn of defined composition
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
that interlaces with warp ends at right angles in a woven fabric
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to help form the base of a pile fabric (see Fig. 1).
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.8 laboratory sample, n—a sample from each case of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fabric for acceptance testing.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.2.9 lot sample, n—a sample for acceptance testing con-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
sisting of a random number of dyelots as directed in agreement
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
between purchaser and supplier.
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
3.2.10 pick, n—one filling yarn (see Fig. 1).
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count
of Woven Fabrics
3.2.11 pick glass, n—an instrument with a magnifying lens
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
and a set viewing field of one square inch used to identify
Fabric
construction (see Fig. 2).
3.2.12 pile, n—an additional set of warp yarns or ends of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
defined composition that are introduced into a pile fabric to
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.61 on Paint Application Tools.
make cut or uncut loops on the surface that are approximately
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
perpendicular to the plane of the backing and filling (see Fig.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6337 – 98 (2013).
1).
DOI: 10.1520/D6337-98R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.13 pile fabric, n—a three-dimensional cloth with inter-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
lacing at right angles of three systems of yarn as warp, fill, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pile.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6337 − 98 (2019)
3.2.19 slitting, n—a means of cutting the full width of fabric
into longitudinal strips.
3.2.20 slit width, n—the width dimension of a fabric strip
after slitting.
3.2.21 test specimen, n—a specimen cut from a reel of
fabric.
3.2.21.1 Discussion—Each specimen shall be 6 in. (152.4
mm) in length, with one side of each specimen parallel to the
warp ends.
FIG. 1 Components of Typical Pile Fabric 3.2.22 total fabric density, n—fabric weight in ounces per
square yard of finished fabric.
3.2.23 tuft, n—the entire loop that forms the face of the
fabricandisattachedtothebackingfabricatabindingsite(see
Fig. 1).
3.2.24 weave construction, n—one repeat of a pattern,
including per inch, ends per inch, and the way the pile weaves
into the base of the cloth, for example, W-weave, V-weave.
3.2.24.1 W-weave, n—a weave construction where at least 3
FIG. 2 Pick Glass
picks are needed to form a tuft with the resulting tuft
resembling the letter “W” (see Fig. 4a).
3.2.24.2 V-weave, n—a weave construction where only one
pick is needed to form a tuft. The resulting tuft resembles the
letter “V” (see Fig. 4b).
3.2.25 woven fabric, n—a cloth with interlacing at right
angles of two systems of yarn known as warp and fill.
3.2.26 yarn, n—the coherent arrangement of fibers of vary-
ing or similar length, whose relative positions are maintained
FIG. 3 Pile Height Micrometer
by a definite lateral twist to produce strength.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It is important to recognize that all woven paint appli-
cator fabrics are pile fabrics and can be a combination of
several different yarns, in a range of densities, chemical
compositions, and pile heights, which may influence painting
performance.
FIG. 4 Weave Constructions
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pile-Height Micrometer
3.2.13.1 Discussion—Pile fabrics have a fur-like face that
5.2 Graduated Linear Scale, that measures to ⁄32 in. incre-
can consist of cut or uncut loops.
ments (1 mm).
3.2.14 pile fabric composition, n—the total make-up of the
5.3 Pick Glass.
fabric, being either natural or synthetic, or a combination.
5.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 oz (0.10 g).
3.2.15 pile height micrometer, n—a thickness testing
instrument, referenced in Test Method D1777.
6. Determination of Physical Characteristics
3.2.15.1 Discussion—It consists of 4 in. (102 mm) diameter
presser foot controlled by a lever, a gage with readings to the 6.1 Total Fabric Height—Determine the total fabric height
nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and a horseshoe-shaped handle by measuring the material thickness using a pile height
that will measure 6 in. (152.4 mm) into the body of the fabric micrometer (see Test Method D1777). Report the dimensions
(see Fig. 3). to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm).
3.2.16 pile tuft density, n—the quantity of pile per unit area
as stated in pile tufts per square inch.
The sole source of supply of the pile height micrometer known to the
3.2.17 reel, n—a specified length of slit goods rolled to-
committee at this time is the Andrews Equipment Co., 4619 Torresdale Ave.,
Philadelphia,PA19124.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethis
gether as one unit.
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
3.2.18 shearable pile, n—the pile tufts above the backing
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
that can be removed with shear clippers. you may attend.
D6337 − 98 (2019)
6.2 Slit Width—Determine the width by measuring the back ensure that a reasonably stable condition exists at the time of
oftheclothfromwarpendtowarpendusingacalibratedscale. making the observation. For most materials, 5 s after the full
Report dimensions to the nearest ⁄32 in. (0.78 mm), with load has been applied will represent a stable condition and is a
tolerances of 6 ⁄32 in. (61 mm). suitable time interval. Readings should be taken to the nearest
0.001 in. (0.02 mm).
6.3 Picks per Inch—Determine picks per inch by counting
9.1.5 Repeat the measurements on the other specimens and
individual filling yarns through a pick glass. Report to the
report the average measurement, the maximum measurement,
nearest whole number with a tolerance of 6 one pick.
and the minimum measurement for all samples.
6.4 Total Fabric Density—Determine the ounces per square
yard using the balance (see Test Methods D3776). Report
9.2 Slit Width Measurement (see Test Method D3774):
2 2
fabric density to the nearest 0.001 oz/yd (0.10 g/m ).
9.2.1 Lay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smooth
horizontal surface without tension in any direction and free of
6.5 Pile Tuft Density—The weave construction (W-weave or
wrinkles or distortion. Use a graduated linear scale that is
V-weave) must be known to determine the pile density. Report
long
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