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ASTM D6578/D6578M-13(2018)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance

Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Graffiti on building and structures is an ongoing and increasing problem. A number of coatings have been produced that are intended to be resistant to the application of a graffiti marking, or to provide a surface from which such markings can be easily removed. The procedures described in this practice provide a standard set of conditions that can be used to evaluate the graffiti resistance of a surface.  
5.2 Graffiti resistance determined according to this practice is applicable to smooth surfaces. Graffiti resistance of the same coatings applied to a rough or textured surface may be lower.  
5.3 Graffiti resistance of coatings determined after natural or laboratory accelerated weathering, either before or after marking, conducted according to this practice, is considered as having more weight than graffiti resistance of the same coating determined without weathering. Graffiti resistance of coatings determined after natural weathering should be considered as having more weight than graffiti resistance determined after laboratory accelerated weathering.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating graffiti resistance of coatings, and use of this practice to evaluate graffiti resistance of coatings after outdoor or laboratory accelerated exposure (either prior to or after graffiti is applied). Graffiti resistance is based on how a defined set of markings is removed by a defined set of cleaning agents.  
1.2 This practice also defines procedures (optional) to evaluate graffiti removal after re-marking with subsequent re-cleaning. It does not address recoatability after a coating is no longer graffiti resistant.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2018
ICS
87.020 - Paint coating processes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.46 - Industrial Protective Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E1347-06(2015) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Refers
ASTM E1347-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D6578/D6578M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti ResistanceASTM D6578/D6578M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance
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ASTM D6578/D6578M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6578/D6578M − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
1
Determination of Graffiti Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6578/D6578M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sures of Paint and Related Coatings
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and
1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating
Related Coatings
graffiti resistance of coatings, and use of this practice to
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
evaluate graffiti resistance of coatings after outdoor or labora-
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
tory accelerated exposure (either prior to or after graffiti is
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
applied). Graffiti resistance is based on how a defined set of
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
markings is removed by a defined set of cleaning agents.
Geometry
1.2 This practice also defines procedures (optional) to
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
evaluate graffiti removal after re-marking with subsequent
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
re-cleaning. It does not address recoatability after a coating is
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
no longer graffiti resistant.
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
cable to this practice.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
with the standard.
3.2.1 cleaning agent, n—a material used to remove a mark-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing material from the coating surface.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 graffıti resistance, n—the property of coatings to be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
resistant to the application of graffiti or exhibiting removal of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
graffiti without surface damage.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 marking material, n—a material that can be used to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- produce graffiti.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.4 recleanability, n—the ability of a coating to withstand
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
multiple cycles of marking with subsequent cleaning while
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
maintaining its original characteristics.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.5 repellent, n—the property of coatings that prevents
materials commonly used as graffiti markings, from forming a
2. Referenced Documents
continuous film upon application.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
4. Summary of Practice
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
4.1 A series of materials typically used as graffiti markings
is applied to test panels of the surface being evaluated. Test
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
specimensmaybeexposedtooutdoororacceleratedexposures
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
(either before or after markings have been applied).The graffiti
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
markings are removed using a series of procedures that begin
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
with wiping with a dry cloth and end with cleaning the surface
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6578/D6578M – 13.
DOI: 10.1520/D6578_D6578M-13R18.
with an aggressive cleaner. After the best attempt has been
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
madetoremovemarkings,specimensareevaluatedvisually,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
alternatively, by gloss and color change measurements to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. determine cleanliness. The graffiti re
...

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3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concerned with the inspection of industrial coating work. The requirements for inspection should be addressed in all protective coating and lining work specifications. This guide may be used by specification writers when selecting and establishing the inspection requirements for coating and lining specifications. A checklist for use by inspectors in the field is included in Appendix X1.
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1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting inspectors in carrying out their task efficiently. It includes the key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and final approval for both field and shop work. The items should be selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particular job.  
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Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plant Primary Containment and Other Safety-Related Facilities 2
New Concepts for Coating Protection of Steel Structures3
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D4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coatings and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities4
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice5
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications5
Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)
Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from Materials manufacturer.  
1.2 Certain industries or owners may require certified inspection personnel. See Guide D4537 for establishing procedures to certify inspectors for coatings work in nuclear facilities.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
ASTM Standards  
2.1  
OSHA Standards  
2.2  
Steel Structures Painting Council Publications  
2.3  
International Standards Organization (ISO)  
2.4  
ASTM Adjuncts  
2.6  
Significance and Use  
3  
Preparation for Inspection  
4  
Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements  
5  
Surface Preparation  
5.1  
Pictorial Standard D2200  
5.1.1  
Factors Affecting Coating Performance  
5.2  
Cleanliness  
5.2.1  
Mill Scale  
5.2.2  
Surface Profile  
5.2.3  
Sharp Edges  
5.2.4  
Cleaning Procedures  
5.3  
Chemical Cleaning  
5.3.1  
Solvent Vapor Cleaning  
5.3.1.1  
Hand Tool Cleaning  
5.3.2  
Power Tool Cleaning  
5.3.3  
Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal  
5.3.4  
Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning  
5.3.4.4  
Blast Cleaning  
5.3.5  
Pressurized Water Cleaning  
5.3.6  
Cleaning and Preparation of Various Surfaces  
5.4  
Steel Surfaces  
5.4.1  
Galvanized Surfaces  
5.4.2  
Aluminum Surfaces  
5.4.3  
Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and Previously  
Painted Surfaces  
5.4.4  
Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting  
5.5  
New Construction  
5.5.1  
Maintenance Repainting  
5.5.2  
Coating Storage and Handling  
6  
Storage of Coating and Thinner  
6.1  
Mixing of Coatings  
6.2  
Thinning  
6.3  
Initial Samples  
6.3.1  
Thinning of Coating  
6.3.2  
Sampling of Thinned Coating  
6.3.3  
Heating of Coating  
6.4  
Weather Considerations  
7  
Drying  
7.1  
Low Temperature  
7.2  
High Temperature  
7.3  
Moisture  
7.4  
Wind  
7.5  
Coating Application  
8  
Residual Contaminants  
8.1  
Quality Assurance  
8.2  
Film Defects  
8.2.1  
Brush Application  
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Spray Application  
8.4  
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4.1 Laboratory measurement of application properties of architectural coatings generally employ a blade-type applicators that lay down films of highly uniform thickness. Applicators, such as brushes and rollers, typically apply films that lack uniformity due to variations in rheology, film build, flow and leveling properties resulting in the practical hiding of most paints being less than that measured on films applied with a blade-type applicator. This guide provides an indication of the actual application properties of the paint, as applied by a contractor or consumer.
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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