ASTM D3776/D3776M-09a(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the measurement of fabric mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics. There are four approved options in the measurement of fabric mass per unit area: Option A, Option B, Option C, and Option D. Option A may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade. The second option is Option B which is applicable to a full-width sample cut from a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified, these results will include selvages and will be on the basis of conditioned fabric. Option C on the other hand is applicable when a small swatch of fabric is sent to the laboratory to be used as the test specimen. The results are considered to be applicable to the sample only and not necessarily to the lot from which the sample was taken. Measurements by this method do not include selvages and should be reported as such, unless a selvage allowance is specified. The last option is Option D which is intended for use with narrow fabrics as so designated by the trade.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabric mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.
1.2 There are four approved options:
1.2.1 Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
1.2.2 Option B—Full Width Sample (Section 8).
1.2.3 Option C—Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
1.2.4 Option D—Narrow Fabrics (Section 10).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D3776/D3776M − 09a (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3776/D3776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
2.2 Other Standard:
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabric
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Inspection by Attributes
mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.
1.2 There are four approved options:
3. Terminology
1.2.1 Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.2.2 Option B—Full Width Sample (Section 8).
weight.
1.2.3 Option C—Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
1.2.4 Option D—Narrow Fabrics (Section 10).
3.2 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
D123.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Summary of Test Methods
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimen
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
the length and width of which have been measured as directed
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
in one of the procedures in Test Method D3773 and D3774.
with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Scale, with a capacity and sensitivity sufficient to weigh
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of their
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gross mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
recognized authority.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
within 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being tested.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of at
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2 2
least 13 cm or 2 in.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Conditioning
2. Referenced Documents
2 6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D1776.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the standard
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
atmosphere for testing textiles (21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F),
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
65 6 2 % RH), after the specimens have been conditioned in
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
the same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition the
specimens in Option A or nonconditioned testing may be
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rolls
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test
or bolts of fabric cannot be properly conditioned in a reason-
Methods, Specific.
able time with available facilities, perform the tests without
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Replaces
Sections 35 to 41 of Methods D1910 – 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979. Last
conditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at the
previous edition approved in 2013 as D3776 – 09a(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D3776_
time of the test. Such results may not correspond with the
D3776M-09AR17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3776/D3776M − 09a (2017)
resultsobtainedafter testing adequately conditionedspecimens 7.4.3 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,
in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles. or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unless
otherwisespecified,usingEq4,Eq5,Eq6,orEq7,asfollows:
Mass per unit area:
7. Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut
oz/yd 5 576M/LW (4)
7.1 Significance and Use
Mass per yard:
7.1.1 OptionAforthedeterminationofmassperunitareaof
oz/yd 5 16M/L (5)
woven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commer-
Linear yards per pound:
cial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.
yd/lb 5 L/M (6)
7.1.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
yd/lb 5 16 oz/yd (7)
reported test values when using Test Methods D3776 for
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
where:
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
M = mass of fabric, in pounds,
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
L = length of fabric, in yards, and
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
W = width of fabric, in inches.
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
7.4.4 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SI
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
units using Eq 8, Eq 9,or Eq 10, as follows:
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
2 2
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 333.906 (8)
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 331.000 (9)
laboratories should be compared using student’s t-test for
m/kg 5 yd/lb 32.016 (10)
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
8. Option B—Full Width Sample
cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
8.1 Significance and Use:
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
8.1.1 This procedure is applicable to a full-width sample cut
the known bias.
from a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified,
7.2 Sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take
these results will include selvages and will be on the basis of
at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
conditioned fabric.
applicable material specification or other agreement between
8.1.2 Option B is not recommended for the acceptance
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
testing of commercial shipments, since Option A is regularly
primary sampling units. Consider the rolls of fabric in the lot
used for that purpose.
sample as the laboratory sample and as the test specimens.
8.2 Sampling:
8.2.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
7.3 Procedure:
take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
7.3.1 Measure the length of the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut
applicable material specification or other agreement between
by the hand procedure in Test Method D3773.
the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the roll of fabric to be
7.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative of
the primary sampling units.
Option A of Test Method D3774.
8.2.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece in the lot
7.3.3 Weigh the fabric, with shell and holder, if any, to the
sample, cut—don’t tear—at least one laboratory sample the
nearest 0.1 % of its mass.
full width of the fabric and at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length.
7.3.4 Weigh the holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of its
The cut edges must be a straight line, free of indentations or
mass.
bulges, unless both edges have been made to trace parallel
filling yarns. In this procedure the complete laboratory sample
7.4 Calculations:
is used as the specimen.
7.4.1 Determine the net weight of the fabric by subtracting
8.3 Procedure:
the weight of the holder from the total weight.
8.3.1 Measurethelengthoftheconditionedspecimenbythe
7.4.2 Dimensions and mass may all be determined in SI
hand procedure of Test Method D3773.
units and mass per unit area calculated using Eq 1, Eq 2,or Eq
8.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative of
3, as follows:
Option A of Test Method D3774.
2 3
g/m 5 10 M/LW (1)
8.3.3 Weigh the specimen in grams on a scale or balance to
the nearest 0.1 % of its mass (weight).
g/m 5 10 M/L (2)
m/kg 5 L/M (3) 8.4 Calculations:
8.4.1 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,
where:
or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unless
M = mass of fabric, in kilograms,
otherwise specified, using Eq 11, Eq 12, Eq 13,or Eq 14,as
L = length of fabric, in metres, and
follows:
W = width of fabric, in metres.
Mass per unit area:
D3776/D3776M − 09a (2017)
oz/yd 5 45.72G/L W (11) 9.5 Calculations:
s
Mass per linear yard:
9.5.1 Dimensions and mass may be determined in SI units
andcalculatedusingEq15(8.4.3),Eq18,orEq19,asfollows:
oz/yd 5 1.27G/L (12)
s
Linear yards per pound: Mass per linear metre:
yd/lb 5 16/oz per linear yd (13) g/m 5 10 GW/L W (18)
s s
Linear metre per kilogram:
yd/lb 5 12.6L /G (14)
s
m/kg 5 L W /GW (19)
s s
where:
where:
G = mass of specimen, in grams,
L = length of specimen, in inches, and G = mass of specimen, g
s
W = width of specimen, in inches. W = width of fabric, mm
L = length of specimen, mm, and
s
8.4.2 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SI
W = width of specimen mm.
s
units using Eq 4, Eq 5,or Eq 6 in 7.4.3.
9.5.2 Calculate
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3776/D3776M − 09a (Reapproved 2013) D3776/D3776M − 09a (Reapproved
2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3776/D3776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabric mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.
1.2 There are four approved options:
1.2.1 Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
1.2.2 Option B—Full Width Sample (Section 8).
1.2.3 Option C—Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
1.2.4 Option D—Narrow Fabrics (Section 10).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
2.2 Other Standard:
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Inspection by Attributes
3. Terminology
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: weight.
3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimen the length and width of which have been measured as directed in
one of the procedures in Test Method D3773 and D3774.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013July 15, 2017. Published September 2013August 2017. Replaces Sections 35 to 41 of Methods D1910 – 64 (1975). Originally
ε2
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as D3776 – 09a .(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D3776_D3776M-09AR13.10.1520/D3776_D3776M-09AR17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3776/D3776M − 09a (2017)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Scale, with a capacity and sensitivity sufficient to weigh the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of their gross
mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by a recognized authority.
5.2 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh within 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being tested.
2 2
5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of at least 13 cm or 2 in.
6. Conditioning
6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D1776.
6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles (21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F), 65 6 2 % RH),
after the specimens have been conditioned in the same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition the specimens in Option
A or nonconditioned testing may be agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be
properly conditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities, perform the tests without conditioning and report the actual
conditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results may not correspond with the results obtained after testing adequately
conditioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
7. Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut
7.1 Significance and Use
7.1.1 Option A for the determination of mass per unit area of woven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commercial
shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.
7.1.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test values when using Test Methods D3776 for acceptance testing
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the
type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
results from the two laboratories should be compared using student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser
and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
7.2 Sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an applicable
material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary
sampling units. Consider the rolls of fabric in the lot sample as the laboratory sample and as the test specimens.
7.3 Procedure:
7.3.1 Measure the length of the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut by the hand procedure in Test Method D3773.
7.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative of Option A of Test Method D3774.
7.3.3 Weigh the fabric, with shell and holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of its mass.
7.3.4 Weigh the holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of its mass.
7.4 Calculations:
7.4.1 Determine the net weight of the fabric by subtracting the weight of the holder from the total weight.
7.4.2 Dimensions and mass may all be determined in SI units and mass per unit area calculated using Eq 1, Eq 2, or Eq 3, as
follows:
2 3
g/m 5 10 M/LW (1)
g/m5 10 M/L (2)
m/kg 5 L/M (3)
where:
M = mass of fabric, in kilograms,
L = length of fabric, in metres, and
W = width of fabric, in metres.
7.4.3 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard, or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unless
otherwise specified, using Eq 4, Eq 5, Eq 6, or Eq 7, as follows:
Mass per unit area:
oz/yd 5 576M/LW (4)
Mass per yard:
oz/yd 5 16M/L (5)
Linear yards per pound:
yd/lb 5 L/M (6)
D3776/D3776M − 09a (2017)
yd/lb 5 16 oz/yd (7)
where:
M = mass of fabric, in pounds,
L = length of fabric, in yards, and
W = width of fabric, in inches.
7.4.4 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SI units using Eq 8, Eq 9, or Eq 10, as follows:
2 2
Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 333.906 (8)
Mass, g/m5 oz/yd 331.000 (9)
m/kg 5 yd/lb 32.016 (10)
8. Option B—Full Width Sample
8.1 Significance and Use:
8.1.1 This procedure is applicable to a full-width sample cut from a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified, these
results will include selvages and will be on the basis of conditioned fabric.
8.1.2 Option B is not recommended for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since Option A is regularly used for
that purpose.
8.2 Sampling:
8.2.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the roll of fabric to be the
primary sampling units.
8.2.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece in the lot sample, cut—don’t tear—at least one laboratory sample the full
width of the fabric and at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length. The cut edges must be a straight line, free of indentations or bulges,
unless both edges have been made to trace parallel filling yarns. In this procedure the complete laboratory sample is used as the
specimen.
8.3 Procedure:
8.3.1 Measure the length of the conditioned specimen by the hand procedure of Test Method D3773.
8.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative of Option A of Test Method D3774.
8.3.3 Weigh the specimen in grams on a scale or balance to the nearest 0.1 % of its mass (weight).
8.4 Calculations:
8.4.1 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard, or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unless
otherwise specified, using Eq 11, Eq 12, Eq 13, or Eq 14, as follows:
Mass per unit area:
oz/yd 5 45.72G/L W (11)
s
Mass per linear yard:
oz/yd 5 1.27G/L (12)
s
Linear yards per pound:
yd/lb 5 16/oz per linear yd (13)
yd/lb 5 12.6L /G (14)
s
where:
G = mass of specimen, in grams,
L = length of specimen, in inches, and
s
W = width of specimen, in inches.
8.4.2 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SI units using Eq 4, Eq 5, or Eq 6 in 7.4.3.
8.4.3 Alternatively, dimensions and mass may all be determined in SI units and calculated using Eq 15, Eq 16, or Eq 17, as
follows:
Mass per unit area:
2 6
g/m 5 10 G/L W (15)
s
Mass per linear metre:
g/m5 10 G/L (16)
s
Line
...
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