ASTM D4828-94(2012)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
Standard Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film using materials common to households. This test method includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate the effects of composition on the washability properties of a paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4828 − 94 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 5.5 was editorially corrected in July 2012.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way
relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from
to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film
interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a
using materials common to households. This test method
sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the effects of composition on the washability properties of a
only.
paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Sponge and Holder.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Soil and Stain Applicator (see Fig. 1).
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Weight, 100 g.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.4 Balance, weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.5 Wet Film Applicator, capable of applying a wet film of
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
0.9 mm (3.5 mil) thick by 150 mm (6 in.) film width.
Architectural Coatings
1 1
5.6 GlassPlate, 455 by 165 mm by 6.3 mm (17 ⁄2 by 6 ⁄2 by
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
⁄4 in.).
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
5.7 Washability Machine.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.8 Black Plastic Panels.
3.1 The test material is applied to a plastic panel and
5.9 Masking Tape.
allowed to dry for 7 days or as mutually agreed. Soilants or
5.10 Straightedge,approximately430mm(17in.)inlength.
stains, or both, are applied to the film. The film is washed for
up to 100 cycles using a sponge and a liquid or powder 5.11 Cotton Tipped Swabs.
cleanser.Afterrinsinganddrying,thepanelisevaluatedforthe
5.12 Medicine Droppers.
degree of soil or stain removal, erosion, and any change in
5.13 Suction Plate, for drawdowns.
gloss/sheen or color between the washed and unwashed area.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
by Type IV of Specification D1193.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
6.2 Soil and Staining Medium—Examples found acceptable
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4828 – 94 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D4828-94R12E01.
for use with this test method include, but are not limited to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
pencil, crayon, mercurochrome, ball-point pen, waterborne
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
felt-tip markers, lipstick and mineral-oil-borne soilant as out-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lined in Test Method D3450.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D4828 − 94 (2012)
FIG. 1 Solid Soil and Stain Application
6.3 Cleaning Media—Examples found acceptable for use each paint for all the projected tests. Air dry all panels in a
with this test method include, but are not limited to, commer- horizontal position for 7 days in a room maintained at 23 6
cial liquid cleansers, laboratory-standardized liquid cleaners as 2°C (73 6 3.5°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity as described
outlined in Test Method D3450, and powder cleansers. Powder in Specification D3924, or under conditions specifically appli-
cleansers containing chlorine may affect the color of the cable to the material under test.
washed portion of the test panel.
NOTE 2—If desired, an extra panel of each paint may be prepared to
serve as its unwashed control.
7. Preparation of Apparatus
8.3 Application of Soilants and Stains:
7.1 Washability Machine—Level the apparatus before use
8.3.1 Atthecompletionofthedryingperiod,tapethecoated
and operate at 37 6 1 cpm. (A cycle consists of a complete
panel to the glass plate, as directed in 8.1, to ensure uniform
forward and reverse stroke.)
application of the soilants and stains. Apply the selected
7.2 SpongeandHolder—Add sufficient weight to the holder
soilants or stains, or both, to the coating film in straight pairs
in the form of metal sheets or other flat weights to give a
of lines parallel to the length of the panel for the manual
combined weight of 1000 g, including the dry sponge.
method of cleaning, or perpendicular to the length of the panel
for the mechanical method of cleaning.
NOTE 1—Check the compression of the damp sponge under the 1000-g
weight to ensure that the holder does not drag along the panel and tear the
8.3.2 Apply solid soilants or stains using the apparatus
film.
showninFig.1.Insertpencil,crayon,pen,orsimilaritemsinto
theappropriatelysizedholeandsecureitspositionsoitextends
8. Procedure
40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) beyond the panel (see Fig. 1(a)). Secure the
8.1 Clean the top of the glass plate and both sides of the
medium in position with a piece of masking tape (see Fig.
black plastic panel to be sure they are free of specks. Place the
1(b)). Put the applicator at one end of the coated plastic panel
black panel on the glass plate and tape one end to the plate.
and place the 100-g weight on the top face of the wooden panel
Smooth the panel along the plate to ensure a close fit.
at the end nearest to the marking device, as shown in Fig. 1(b),
8.2 Stir the material thoroughly and strain, if necessary, to securing it with a piece of tape.Allow the nonweighted end of
remove all skins and particles. Draw down the coating on the the applicator to rest on the surface of the film, then hold it by
panel.Apply the coating in 3 to 4 s from end to end to prevent the outer edges and pull it along the entire length of the film
pin holes or holidays in the fil
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