ASTM D93-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360°C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus. Note 1 - Flash point determination as above 250°C can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100°C.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.
1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.Note 2
It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2°C equivalent increment of 3.6°F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370°C (698°F). When a temperature is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after "or," for example, 2°C or 5°F.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2..
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 93 – 06
Designation: 34/99
Standard Test Methods for
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Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 93;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point test method is a dynamic test method and depends on definite rates of temperature
increases to control the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability, Test Method D 3941, an equilibrium method, was developed
in which the heating rate is slower. This allows the vapor above the test specimen and the test
specimen to be at about the same temperature. If your specification requiresTest Method D 93, do not
substitute Test Method D 3941 or any other test method without obtaining comparative data and
agreement from the specifier.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope* 1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback
residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash
with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film
point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40
under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kine-
to 360°C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or
matic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the
an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.
stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.
NOTE 1—Flash point determination as above 250°C can be performed,
1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of
however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature.
contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable ma-
For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points
terials with volatile or flammable materials.
above 100°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel,
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and
information only.
otherhomogeneouspetroleumliquidsnotincludedinthescope
NOTE 2—Ithasbeencommonpracticeinflashpointstandardsformany
of Procedure B.
decades to alternately use a C–scale or an F–scale thermometer for
temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments,
they are not equivalent. Because the F–scale thermometer used in this
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ThesetestmethodsareunderthejointjurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02on
procedure is graduated in 5° increments, it is not possible to read it to the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
2°C equivalent increment of 3.6°F. Therefore, for the purposes of
tee D02.08.0B on Flammability. In the IP, these test methods are under the
application of the procedure of the test method for the separate tempera-
jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
ture scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 93–02a. method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D93–06
intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses
(760mmHg),atwhichapplicationofanignitionsourcecauses
following the SI unit, for example 370°C (698°F). When a temperature is
thevaporsofaspecimenofthesampletoigniteunderspecified
intendedtobearationalizedunitforthealternatescale,itwillappearafter
conditions of test.
“or,” for example, 2°C or 5°F.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The test specimen is deemed to have
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
flashed when a flame appears and instantaneously propagates
safety concerns, if any,
...
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