ASTM D5191-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor pressure is a very important physical property of volatile liquids.
5.2 The vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends is regulated by various government agencies.
5.3 Specifications for volatile petroleum products generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance.
5.4 This test method is more precise than Test Method D4953, uses a small sample size (1 mL to 10 mL), and requires about 7 min to complete the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum products and liquid fuels, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or without oxygenates and with ethanol blends up to 85 % (volume fraction) (see Note 1). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 130 kPa (1.0 psi and 18.6 psi) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 mL to 10 mL. No account is made for dissolved water in the sample.
Note 1: The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS);2 the precision using 250 mL containers was determined in a 2016 ILS.3
Note 2: Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and pressures, but the precision and bias statements need not apply.
Note 3: The ILS conducted in 1988, 1991, 2003, and 2016 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements of crude oils.
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 15).
1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1 in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the dry vapor pressure that would be obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5191 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
1
(Mini Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1
in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor
dryvaporpressurethatwouldbeobtainedonthesamematerial
pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure
when tested by Test Method D4953.
exerted in vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum
products and liquid fuels, including automotive spark-ignition 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fuels with or without oxygenates and with ethanol blends up to standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
85 % (volume fraction) (see Note 1). This test method is provided for information only and are not considered standard.
suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
(32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 130 kPa
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
(1.0 psi and 18.6 psi) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
the range from 1 mL to 10 mL. No account is made for
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
dissolved water in the sample.
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
NOTE 1—The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was
2
determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS); the precision using
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
3
250 mL containers was determined in a 2016 ILS.
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
NOTE 2—Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios,
in their location.
temperatures,andpressures,buttheprecisionandbiasstatementsneednot
apply. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 3—The ILS conducted in 1988, 1991, 2003, and 2016 to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements of crude
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
oils.
For specific safety warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.8.
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 8.5,it
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(see Note 15).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-
2. Referenced Documents
4
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D5191 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D5191-22.
Petroleum Products
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-1619.ContactASTMCustomer
4
Service at service@astm.org. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5191 − 20 D5191 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
1
(Mini Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure exerted in
vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum products and liquid fuels, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or
without oxygenates and with ethanol blends up to 85 % (volume fraction) (see Note 1). This test method is suitable for testing
samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 130 kPa (1.0 psi and 18.6 psi) at
37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 mL to 10 mL.
No account is made for dissolved water in the sample.
2
NOTE 1—The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS); the precision using 250 mL containers
3
was determined in a 2016 ILS.
NOTE 2—Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and pressures, but the precision and bias statements need not apply.
NOTE 3—The ILS conducted in 1988, 1991, 2003, and 2016 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include any crude oil
in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements of crude oils.
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 15).
1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate
blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1 in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the dry vapor
pressure that would be obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020July 1, 2022. Published May 2020August 2022. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as D5191
– 19.– 20. DOI: 10.1520/D5191-20.10.1520/D5191-22.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1619. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
3
Research Report IP 394 (EN 13016-1) and IP 619 (EN 13016-3) 2016, available from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR, UK, email:
ILS@energyinst.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5191 − 22
when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national
law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safe
...
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