ASTM A503/A503M-15(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts
Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the acceptance specifications for the ultrasonic examination of forged steel crankshafts. This practice is applicable to both solid (slab) forged and continuous grain flow crankshafts. Specimens shall be divided into three volumetric zones, namely: the major critical sections (Zone 1), which includes the heavily loaded areas of the crankpins, webs, and main bearings; the minor critical sections (Zone 2), which includes the balance of the surface areas of the main bearing and crankpin journals and adjacent fillets, flanges, and gear fit areas; and Zone 3, which includes the balance of the crankshaft, and the remaining sections of the webs. The crankshafts shall be examined after heat treatment, but before machining geometric features such as chamfers and oil holes. Acceptance zones and criteria for both types of crankshafts are discussed briefly.
SCOPE
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the ultrasonic inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing journals or crankpins 4 in. [100 mm] or larger in diameter.
1.2 This specification covers the testing equipment required and the test procedure to be followed, and it defines the critical and noncritical areas and limits of acceptance.
1.3 This specification is intended to cover both continuous grain flow (CGF) crankshafts for medium and high speed diesel engines as well as solid (slab) forged crankshafts for other applications.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the inch-pound units shall be used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A503/A503M −15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA503/A503M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the ultrasonic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
journals or crankpins 4 in. [100 mm] or larger in diameter. Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.2 This specification covers the testing equipment required
quirements
and the test procedure to be followed, and it defines the critical
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other
and noncritical areas and limits of acceptance.
than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic
1.3 This specification is intended to cover both continuous 3
Testing (Withdrawn 2019)
grain flow (CGF) crankshafts for medium and high speed
2.2 American National Standard:
diesel engines as well as solid (slab) forged crankshafts for
ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture
other applications.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within 3.1 Definitions:
the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The 3.1.1 continuous grain flow crankshafts—produced by a
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva- process in which the solidification centerline of the original
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each ingot or starting stock is maintained through the main bearings,
system shall be used independently of the other, and values webs, crankpins, and flanges of the finished crankshaft, usually
from the two systems shall not be combined. by means of closed die forging.
3.1.2 solid (slab) forged crankshafts—made from open die
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
forgings such that the grain flow in the webs is essentially
tion designation, the inch-pound units shall be used.
parallel to the major axis of the forging and the crankpins are
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
offset from the forging centerline by machining. They may be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
set in the correct orientation by a hot twisting operation.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Ordering Information
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 It is necessary that the crankshaft be identified as being
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
either continuous grain flow or solid (slab) forged.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.2 Unless otherwise specified by means of supplementary
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ordering information, the test methods and acceptance criteria
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical for the appropriate crankshaft type shall be used.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A503/A503M–15. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/A0503_A0503M–15R20. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A503/A503M − 15 (2020)
FIG. 1 Crankshaft UT Acceptance Zones
5. Apparatus and Personnel Requirements 6.4 The balance of the crankshaft as shown in Fig. 1,
including the remaining sections of the webs, is included in
5.1 The apparatus and personnel requirements shall be in
Zone 3.
accordance with Practice A388/A388M. For standardization
purposes, it is recommended that final acceptance be based on
7. Calibration of Ultrasonic Equipment on Crankshaft
the use of 2–5 MHz transducers.
7.1 For solid (slab) forged crankshafts, the sensitivity of the
6. Critical Sections
instrument shall be adjusted so that the thickness to be
examined will give a full-scale back reflection. Such calibra-
6.1 Thedivisionofacrankshaftintothreevolumetriczones,
tions shall be done in an area free of interfering indications.
as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, for the purpose of ultrasonic
examination evaluation is applicable to both solid (slab) forged
7.2 For CGF crankshafts, 80 % of the full-scale back
and
...
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