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ASTM G92-86(2010)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites

Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice gives suggested procedures for characterization of atmospheric test sites. It can be useful to researchers, manufacturers, engineering firms, architects, and construction contractors to provide corrosion and environmental data, materials selection information, and a materials storage practice.
This practice does not give specific parameters for classifying the type of test site.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for the characterization of atmospheric test sites. Continuous characterization can provide corrosion data, environmental data, or both which will signal changes in corrosivity of the atmospheric environment. This practice can also provide guidance for classification of future test sites.
1.2 Two methods are defined in this practice for the characterization of atmospheric test sites. The methods are identified as characterization Methods A and B. The preferred characterization technique would require using both Method A and B for concurrent data collection.
1.2.1 Method A is to be used when atmospheric corrosion is monitored on a continuing basis at a test site using specified materials and exposure configurations.
1.2.2 Method B is specified when atmospheric factors are monitored on a continuing basis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2010
ICS
19.040 - Environmental testing
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.04 - Corrosion of Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G92-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM G50-20 - Standard Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM G140-02(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Atmospheric Chloride Deposition Rate by Wet Candle Method
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM G112-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Exfoliation Corrosion Tests in Aluminum Alloys
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM G116-99(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010

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ASTM G92-86(2010) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test SitesASTM G92-86(2010) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
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ASTM G92-86(2010) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:G92 −86(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Practice for
Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG92;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G84Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Sur-
faces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric
1.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for the char-
Corrosion Testing
acterization of atmospheric test sites. Continuous characteriza-
G91Practice for Monitoring Atmospheric SO Deposition
tion can provide corrosion data, environmental data, or both 2
Rate for Atmospheric Corrosivity Evaluation
which will signal changes in corrosivity of the atmospheric
environment. This practice can also provide guidance for
3. Summary of Methods
classification of future test sites.
1.2 Two methods are defined in this practice for the char-
3.1 Characterization Method A is to be used when atmo-
acterization of atmospheric test sites. The methods are identi-
spheric corrosion data are to be obtained.
fied as characterization Methods A and B. The preferred
3.1.1 Corrosion tests to measure the corrosivity of the test
characterization technique would require using both MethodA
site should follow the procedure established by Practice G50.
and B for concurrent data collection.
Additional special instructions are identified in this procedure
1.2.1 MethodAistobeusedwhenatmosphericcorrosionis
relating to types of materials for corrosion characterization
monitored on a continuing basis at a test site using specified
tests, time of test exposure, positioning of test specimens,
materials and exposure configurations.
removal of test specimens and proper identification, cleaning
1.2.2 Method B is specified when atmospheric factors are
practices, and reporting of data.
monitored on a continuing basis.
3.2 Characterization Method B is to be used when atmo-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
spheric climatological factors influencing the corrosion of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
metals are to be monitored.
standard.
3.2.1 Several atmospheric factors which have been identi-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fied as having significant bearing on the corrosion of metals
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
include, but are not limited to, sulfur dioxide, chlorides,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature, humidity, precipitation, time of wetness, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
atmospheric particulate matter.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 The preferred technique utilizes both Methods A and B
2. Referenced Documents
for concurrent data to be collected.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.1 Should either Method A or B be singled out as the
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
primary technique to be used on a continuing basis, both
B6Specification for Zinc
should be used at some point in time to establish a data base.
G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
The availability of computerized weather stations greatly
sion Test Specimens
facilitates the collection of reliable atmospheric data.
G50Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests
on Metals
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for character-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
izationofatmospherictestsites.Itcanbeusefultoresearchers,
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
Corrosion.
manufacturers, engineering firms, architects, and construction
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published May 2011. Last previous
contractors to provide corrosion and environmental data, ma-
edition approved in 2003 as G92–86(2003). DOI: 10.1520/G0092-86R10.
2 terials selection information, and a materials storage practice.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 This practice does not give specific parameters for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. classifying the type of test site.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G92−86 (2010)
PROCEDURES 5.2.2 An identifying code should be assigned to each
specimen. Locating a permanent code on each test specimen
5. Method A can be accomplished easily by using a code template (Fig. 1).
5.2.2.1 Pre-assignment of codes for a definite test period is
5.1 Materials:
suggested. After a temporary mark is placed on the specimen,
5.1.1 The materials recommended for conducting atmo-
a permanent drilled code (a series of 2.5 mm holes) should
spheric corrosion characterization studies are copper-bearing
perforate the test specimen.
structural carbon steel (such as Specification A36/A36M with
5.2.3 Alltestspecimensofthesamealloyshouldbecleaned
0.2% copper min) and high-purity zinc (Specification B6 high
by the same procedure to ensure a comparative surface finish
grade).
following the guidance of Practice G1. The recommended
5.1.2 Materials recommended are the absolute minimum
practice suggested for cleaning is (a) degrease and pickle, if
required to serve as a characterization base for test sites.
necessary,toremovegrease,millscale,orotherimpurities;(b)
Additionalmaterialsshouldbeaddedtomeetindividualneeds.
scrub with pumice and britle brush until free of water-break;
Sufficient material should be obtained at the start to insure that
(c) dry with towels; and (d) place in a desiccator for 2 h before
an ample supply of the same heat is available to complete the
weighing.
characterization test. If tests are on-going and additional
5.2.4 Specimens should be weighed (61.0 mg) and original
materials must be obtained, care should be taken in attempting
mass recorded on a data sheet (Table 1). Specific information,
to match material compositions.
suchasnominalcomposition,density,andexposedareashould
5.1.3 Sufficient specimens should be prepared to comply
also be recorded.
with the specific criteria for the planned characterization test.
5.2.5 Specimensshouldbestoredinadesiccatororsealedin
5.2 Material Preparation:
airtight storage bags until the time of exposure.
5.2.1 Testspecimensshouldbeshearedtosize,forexample,
100×150 mm. 5.3 Exposure of Test Specimens:
* Template contains 126 drilled holes
FIG. 1 Sample Atmospheric Specimen Drill Code Identification Template
G92−86 (2010)
TABLE 1 Sample Data Sheet for Atmospheric Corrosion Data
Test Site: Kure Beach (250 m lot) Latitude: 34° 00' N
Exposure Dates: 10/7/61 to 10/6/62 Longitude: 77° 55' W
Mass (g)
Material Code Exposure Period Mass Loss Per Corrosion
(days) Original Final Loss Unit Area Rate
(mg/m ) (mm/y)
Cu-steel A1-B2 365 196.583 187.332 9.251 2.86 × 10 0.0365
Zinc A2-B2 365 67.521 66.938 0.583 1.84 × 10 0.0026
Test Method Documentation
Steel Zinc
1. Composition (weight %) 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 0.01 P, 0.027 S, 0.24 Si, 0.01 Cu, 0.012 Cd, 0.03 Pb, 0.02 Fe,
0.21 Cu, 0.05 Ni, 0.03 Cr, Balance Fe Balance Zn
3 3 3
2. Density (g/cm ) 7.85 g/cm 7.13 g/cm
3. Dimensions (mm) 100 × 150 × 2.00 mm 100 × 150 × 2.00 mm
2 2 2
4. Exposed area (cm ) 322.9 cm 317.7 cm
TABLE 2 Sample Data Sheet for Atmospheric Climatological Data
Test Site: Kure Beach (250 m lot) Latitude: 34° 00' N
Dates: 5/1/83 to 5/3/83 Longitude: 77° 55' W
Time of Wetness
Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%)
Precipitation
(h/day)
Date
(mm)
High Low Mean High Low Mean Skyward Groundward
5/1/83 25.6 12.8 19.2 100 56 82 0 12 13
5/2/83 26.1 16.7 21.4 97 56 82 0 10 13
5/3/83 26.7 17.8 22.2 100 60 85 1.3 12 14
5.3.1 The frequency at which test specimens should be 5.3.6.1 Initial weather conditions at time of exposure of test
exposed at a test site is dictated by the specific needs for data. specimens may have an effect on long term corrosion behavior
5.3.2 Triplicate specimens of each material should be ex- (1).
posed for each test period.
5.4 Removals and Reporting:
5.3.3 An exposure period of one year is suggested as a
5.4.1 After the predetermined exposure period is completed
minimum,multipleperiodsshouldbeconsidered,forexample,
(for example, one year), the specimens should be removed and
3, 6, and 12 months; 1 and 2 years or 1, 2, and 4 years. Shorter
placed in pre-labeled envelopes. Observations or photographs
test periods may be necessary where corrosion is severe and
needed to document appearance can be made at this time or
longer test periods where corrosion is less severe.
after the spec
...

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Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Results obtained from this practice can be used to compare the relative durability of materials subjected to the specific test cycle used. No accelerated test can be specified as a perfect simulation of natural or field exposures. Results obtained from this practice can be considered as representative of natural weathering only when a sufficient magnitude of mathematical correlation exists between exposures.  
4.2 The acceleration factor relating the rate of degradation in this accelerated exposure to the rate of degradation in a natural weathering exposure varies with the type and formulation of the material. Each material and formulation may respond differently to the increased level of irradiance and differences in temperature and humidity. Thus an acceleration factor determined for one material may not be applicable to other materials. For this reason, the use of a single acceleration factor is not recommended. Also, a different acceleration factor may be obtained by using different mirror types and configurations. Because of variability in test results for both accelerated and natural weathering exposures, results from a sufficient number of tests must be obtained to determine an acceleration factor for a material. Further, the acceleration factor is applicable to only one exposure location because results from natural weathering will vary due to seasonal or annual differences in climatic factors.  
4.3 The relative durability of materials determined by this practice can be used to determine the relative durability of the materials exposed under natural weathering conditions provided the materials have similar acceleration factors. However, even if results from a specific accelerated test condition are found to be useful for comparing the durability of materials exposed in a particular exterior location, it cannot be assumed that they will be useful for determining the relative durability for a different location. The relative durability of materials in n...
SCOPE
1.1 Linear Fresnel reflector concentrators using the sun as source are utilized in the accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials.  
1.2 This practice covers a procedure for performing accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials using a linear Fresnel reflector, accelerated outdoor weathering, test machine. The apparatus (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and guidelines are described herein to minimize the variables encountered during outdoor accelerated exposure testing.    
1.3 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the materials to be tested but is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the procedures and certain conditions of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in existing methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.4 The linear Fresnel reflector accelerated outdoor exposure test apparatus described may be suitable for the determination of the relative durability of materials when these materials are exposed to concentrated sunlight, heat, and moisture.  
1.5 This practice establishes uniform sample mounting and in-test maintenance procedures. Also included in the practice are standard provisions for maintenance of the machine and linear Fresnel reflector mirrors to ensure cleanliness and durability.  
1.6 This practice shall apply to specimens whose size meets the dimensions of the target board as described in 8.2.  
1.7 For test machines currently in use, this practice is not recommended for specimens exceeding 13 mm (1/2 in.) in thickness because of specimen cooling.  
1.8 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate...

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ASTM
ASTM E324-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Initial and Final Melting Points and the Melting Range of Organic Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It has long been recognized that narrow melting range and high final melting point are good indications of high purity in crystalline organic compounds. Several ASTM test methods use these criteria to assay the purity of organic compounds (Note 1).
Note 1: Other ASTM test methods using melting (or freezing point) data to indicate sample purity are Test Methods D852 and D6875.  
5.2 The relatively simple and rapid test prescribed in this test method shows the sample under test to be either more or less pure than the standard sample. For specification purposes, a minimum allowable purity can be assured by setting limits on the differences in final melting points and the melting ranges between the standard sample and the sample under test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by a capillary tube method, of the initial melting point and the final melting point, which define the melting range, of samples of organic chemicals whose melting points without decomposition fall between 30 °C and 250 °C.  
1.2 This test method is applicable only to crystalline materials that are sufficiently stable in storage to met the requirements of a satisfactory standard sample as defined in Section 7.  
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to opaque materials or to noncrystalline materials such as waxes, fats, and fatty acids.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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