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ASTM G33-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for recording data of atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material appearance during visual inspections, and (3) adequate photographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examinations at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the tests.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1999
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.04 - Corrosion of Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM G33-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM G50-20 - Standard Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999
Referred By
ASTM G109-23 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999
Referred By
ASTM G1-03(2017)e1 - Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999

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ASTM G33-99 - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel SpecimensASTM G33-99 - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
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ASTM G33-99 - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G 33 – 99
Standard Practice for
Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of
Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 33; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Data to be Recorded Before Testing
1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for recording data of 4.1 Material Characteristics:
atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. 4.1.1 Coating and Basis Metal:
Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of 4.1.1.1 Type of coating (zinc, aluminum, nickel-chromium,
materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material etc).
appearance during visual inspections, and ( 3) adequate pho- 4.1.1.2 Method of application (hot-dip, electroplated, elec-
tographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examina- troless, mechanical plated, etc),
tions at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the (1) Area coated (if not 100 % of surface),
tests. (2) Pre-treatment (basis metal: flux, sand-blast, etc), and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the (3) Post-treatment (heating, sealing, etc),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1.1.3 Coating composition,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1.1.4 Basis metal product.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- (1) Basis metal composition, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (2) Metallurgical history prior to coating (if any).
4.1.1.5 Chemical treatment of coating.
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1.6 Black and white photograph of typical surface area
2.1 ASTM Standards:
illustrating texture (1:1 magnification ratio).
A 90/A 90M Test method for Weight (Mass) of Coating on 4.1.1.7 Micrograph of typical coating cross section (magni-
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
fication and etchant to be specified).
A 428/A 428M Test method for Weight (Mass) of Coating
4.1.2 Coating Weight and Thickness:
on Aluminum-Coated Iron or Steeel Articles 4.1.2.1 Weight by stripping. (See Test Method A 90/A90M
E 376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
or A 428/A 428M.)
Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test (1) Method.
Methods
4.1.2.2 Measured Thickness.
G 46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting (1) Method (for example, eddy current, back scattering,
Corrosion
magnetic),
NOTE 1—If a magnetic type instrument is used, refer to Practice E 376.
3. Significance and Use
(2) Number of determinations,
3.1 Use of this practice will maximize the benefits to be
(3) Mean,
gained from atmospheric testing of metallic-coated steel. It will
(4) Standard deviation, and
also aid in comparing results from one location to another
(5) Range (spread of determinations).
where similar tests have been conducted.
4.2 Specimen Identification and Exposure Location:
4.2.1 Marking (method to be specified).
4.2.2 Specimen position in test area.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion
4.2.3 Angle of exposure from horizontal.
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
4.2.4 Direction of specimen faces.
Corrosion.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally
4.2.5 Location of test area.
published as G 33 – 72. Last previous edition G 33 – 88(1993).
4.2.6 Description of test area (location of nearby industry,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
3 ocean, etc, and recorded data on specific contaminants where
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. possible).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G33
4.2.7 Exposure starting date: (4) Checking—Cracking in a cross-hatch manner resem-
4.2.7.1 Weather conditions (for example, bright, cloudy, bling mud cracking,
sunshine, rain, etc),
(5) Rust—Corrosion products of iron characterized by
4.3 Specimen Characteristics: rough, reddish brown particles. Rust is always rough to the
4.3.1 Description (sheet, wire, hardware, etc).
touch,
4.3.2 Specimen size:
(6) Tubercles—Knob-like protrusions of corrosion prod-
4.3.2.1 Specimen surface dimensions.
ucts,
4.3.2.2 Gage or thickness.
(7) Nodules—Little lumps, and
4.3.3 Specimen weight (when applicable).
(8) Pits—Cavities or holes in the metal surface.
4.3.4 Edge condition (to be specified).
5.3.3.2 Blisters, cracks, nodules, tubercles, and pits should
4.3.5 Specimen preparation (method of cleaning).
be reported by number and size. Peeling, checking, and rust
4.3.6 Surface appearance (verbal description, color, texture,
should be reported by percent area affected.
etc) (see 5.3).
6. Data to Be Recorded When Samples Are Removed at
5. Data to be Recorded During Field Inspections
the Conclusion of the Test
5.1 Specimen Identification:
6.1 Specimen Identification:
5.1.1 Marking.
6.1.1 Marking.
5.1.2 Position in test area.
6.1.2 Position in test area.
5.2 Exposure Period and Location:
6.2
...

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FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
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5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
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4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
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1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
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1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
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5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
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ASTM G39-99(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bent-beam specimen is designed for determining the stress-corrosion behavior of alloy sheets and plates in a variety of environments. The bent-beam specimens are designed for testing at stress levels below the elastic limit of the alloy. For testing in the plastic range, U-bend specimens should be employed (see Practice G30). Although it is possible to stress bent-beam specimens into the plastic range, the stress level cannot be calculated for plastically-stressed three- and four-point loaded specimens as well as the double-beam specimens. Therefore, the use of bent-beam specimens in the plastic range is not recommended for general use.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for designing, preparing, and using bent-beam stress-corrosion specimens.  
1.2 Different specimen configurations are given for use with different product forms, such as sheet or plate. This practice is applicable to specimens of any metal that are stressed to levels less than the elastic limit of the material, and therefore, the applied stress can be accurately calculated or measured (see Note 1). Stress calculations by this practice are not applicable to plastically stressed specimens.  
Note 1: It is the nature of these practices that only the applied stress can be calculated. Since stress-corrosion cracking is a function of the total stress, for critical applications and proper interpretation of results, the residual stress (before applying external stress) or the total elastic stress (after applying external stress) should be determined by appropriate nondestructive methods, such as X-ray diffraction (1).2  
1.3 Test procedures are given for stress-corrosion testing by exposure to gaseous and liquid environments.  
1.4 The bent-beam test is best suited for flat product forms, such as sheet, strip, and plate. For plate material the bent-beam specimen is more difficult to use because more rugged specimen holders must be built to accommodate the specimens. A double-beam modification of a four-point loaded specimen to utilize heavier materials is described in 10.5.  
1.5 The exposure of specimens in a corrosive environment is treated only briefly since other practices deal with this aspect, for example, Practices D1141, G30, G36, G44, G50, and G85. The experimenter is referred to ASTM Special Technical Publication 425 (2).  
1.6 The bent-beam practice generally constitutes a constant strain (deflection) test. Once cracking has initiated, the state of stress at the tip of the crack as well as in uncracked areas has changed, and therefore, the known or calculated stress or strain values discussed in this practice apply only to the state of stress existing before initiation of cracks.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazard information see Section 7 and 12.1.)  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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