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ASTM G33-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for recording data of atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material appearance during visual inspections, and (3) adequate photographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examinations at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the tests.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1999
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.04 - Corrosion of Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM G33-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM G50-20 - Standard Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999
Referred By
ASTM G109-23 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999
Referred By
ASTM G1-03(2017)e1 - Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999

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ASTM G33-99 - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel SpecimensASTM G33-99 - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
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ASTM G33-99 - Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G 33 – 99
Standard Practice for
Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of
Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 33; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Data to be Recorded Before Testing
1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for recording data of 4.1 Material Characteristics:
atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. 4.1.1 Coating and Basis Metal:
Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of 4.1.1.1 Type of coating (zinc, aluminum, nickel-chromium,
materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material etc).
appearance during visual inspections, and ( 3) adequate pho- 4.1.1.2 Method of application (hot-dip, electroplated, elec-
tographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examina- troless, mechanical plated, etc),
tions at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the (1) Area coated (if not 100 % of surface),
tests. (2) Pre-treatment (basis metal: flux, sand-blast, etc), and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the (3) Post-treatment (heating, sealing, etc),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1.1.3 Coating composition,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1.1.4 Basis metal product.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- (1) Basis metal composition, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (2) Metallurgical history prior to coating (if any).
4.1.1.5 Chemical treatment of coating.
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1.6 Black and white photograph of typical surface area
2.1 ASTM Standards:
illustrating texture (1:1 magnification ratio).
A 90/A 90M Test method for Weight (Mass) of Coating on 4.1.1.7 Micrograph of typical coating cross section (magni-
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
fication and etchant to be specified).
A 428/A 428M Test method for Weight (Mass) of Coating
4.1.2 Coating Weight and Thickness:
on Aluminum-Coated Iron or Steeel Articles 4.1.2.1 Weight by stripping. (See Test Method A 90/A90M
E 376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
or A 428/A 428M.)
Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test (1) Method.
Methods
4.1.2.2 Measured Thickness.
G 46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting (1) Method (for example, eddy current, back scattering,
Corrosion
magnetic),
NOTE 1—If a magnetic type instrument is used, refer to Practice E 376.
3. Significance and Use
(2) Number of determinations,
3.1 Use of this practice will maximize the benefits to be
(3) Mean,
gained from atmospheric testing of metallic-coated steel. It will
(4) Standard deviation, and
also aid in comparing results from one location to another
(5) Range (spread of determinations).
where similar tests have been conducted.
4.2 Specimen Identification and Exposure Location:
4.2.1 Marking (method to be specified).
4.2.2 Specimen position in test area.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion
4.2.3 Angle of exposure from horizontal.
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
4.2.4 Direction of specimen faces.
Corrosion.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally
4.2.5 Location of test area.
published as G 33 – 72. Last previous edition G 33 – 88(1993).
4.2.6 Description of test area (location of nearby industry,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
3 ocean, etc, and recorded data on specific contaminants where
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. possible).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G33
4.2.7 Exposure starting date: (4) Checking—Cracking in a cross-hatch manner resem-
4.2.7.1 Weather conditions (for example, bright, cloudy, bling mud cracking,
sunshine, rain, etc),
(5) Rust—Corrosion products of iron characterized by
4.3 Specimen Characteristics: rough, reddish brown particles. Rust is always rough to the
4.3.1 Description (sheet, wire, hardware, etc).
touch,
4.3.2 Specimen size:
(6) Tubercles—Knob-like protrusions of corrosion prod-
4.3.2.1 Specimen surface dimensions.
ucts,
4.3.2.2 Gage or thickness.
(7) Nodules—Little lumps, and
4.3.3 Specimen weight (when applicable).
(8) Pits—Cavities or holes in the metal surface.
4.3.4 Edge condition (to be specified).
5.3.3.2 Blisters, cracks, nodules, tubercles, and pits should
4.3.5 Specimen preparation (method of cleaning).
be reported by number and size. Peeling, checking, and rust
4.3.6 Surface appearance (verbal description, color, texture,
should be reported by percent area affected.
etc) (see 5.3).
6. Data to Be Recorded When Samples Are Removed at
5. Data to be Recorded During Field Inspections
the Conclusion of the Test
5.1 Specimen Identification:
6.1 Specimen Identification:
5.1.1 Marking.
6.1.1 Marking.
5.1.2 Position in test area.
6.1.2 Position in test area.
5.2 Exposure Period and Location:
6.2
...

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FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
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5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
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1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature.  
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4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
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1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
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1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
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5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
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ASTM
ASTM G37-98(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Use of Mattsson's Solution of pH 7.2 to Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Copper-Zinc Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.  
4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.  
4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.  
1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.  
1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.  
1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included ...

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