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ASTM E2027-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

Standard Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides direction for organizing and conducting proficiency test programs in analytical chemistry for metals, ores, and related materials. It is consistent with ISO/IEC Guide 43 and Guide E 1301. It does not address the selection and use of proficiency testing schemes by accrediting bodies.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-1999
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.22 - Laboratory Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2027-05 - Standard Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2093-12(2016) - Standard Guide for Optimizing, Controlling and Assessing Test Method Uncertainties from Multiple Workstations in the Same Laboratory Organization
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM E2371-21a - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM E1834-18 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM E2594-20 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based)
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM E2823-17 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (Performance-Based)
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999

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ASTM E2027-99 - Standard Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsASTM E2027-99 - Standard Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
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ASTM E2027-99 - Standard Practice for Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 2027 – 99
Standard Practice for
Conducting Proficiency Tests in the Chemical Analysis of
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ments, but does establish a framework for particular programs,
including those with either small or large numbers of partici-
1.1 This practice provides direction for organizing and
pants.
conducting proficiency test programs in analytical chemistry
4.1.1 WARNING: The data from proficiency testing pro-
for metals, ores, and related materials. It is consistent with
grams must never be used to assign certification values to the
ISO/IEC Guide 43 and Guide E 1301. It does not address the
materials used in the program. The elements of a properly
selection and use of proficiency testing schemes by accrediting
conceived and implemented certification program are de-
bodies.
scribed in detail in Guide E 1724.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Most accreditation bodies require that laboratories par-
ticipateregularlyinproficiencytestingprogramsthattheyhave
2.1 ASTM Standards:
accepted for the purpose. Therefore, it is essential that each
E 826 PracticeforTestingHomogeneityofMaterialsforthe
program comply with accepted principles including technical
Development of Reference Materials
requirements, statistical procedures (see Annex A1), and qual-
E 1187 Terminology Relating to Laboratory Accreditation
ity management (see Annex A2).
E 1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory
Comparisons
5. Types of Proficiency Testing
E 1724 Guide for Testing and Certification of Metal and
5.1 Proficiency testing techniques vary depending on the
Metal Related Reference Materials
nature of the test item, the method in use and the number of
2.2 ISO Standards:
laboratories participating. The most common approach in-
ISO Guide 25 General Requirements for the Competence of
volves randomly selected sub-samples from a source of mate-
Calibration and Testing Laboratories
rial being distributed simultaneously to participating testing
ISO Guide 43 Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory Com-
laboratories for concurrent testing. It is essential that all of the
parisons
material from which the participants’ test materials are taken
ISO Guide 9000 Quality Management and Quality System
be sufficiently homogeneous so that any results later identified
Elements
as outliers should not be attributed to any significant test item
3. Terminology variability. After completion of the testing, the results are
returned to the coordinating body, and compared with the
3.1 Definitions—For formal definitions related to laboratory
assigned value(s) to give an indication of the performance of
accreditation, Terminology E 1187 applies.
the individual laboratories and the group as a whole.
4. Significance and Use
5.2 In some cases, separate portions of previously certified
reference materials are circulated.
4.1 This practice sets the basic requirements for proficiency
test programs in the chemical analysis of metals, ores, and
6. Organization and Design
related materials. It does not set specific procedural require-
6.1 Framework:
6.1.1 The design stage of any proficiency testing program
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
requires the input of technical experts, statisticians and a
Chemistry of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
program coordinator to ensure its success and smooth opera-
Subcommittee E01.22 on Statistics and Quality Control .
tion.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999.
6.1.2 The coordinator, in consultation with these other
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
personnel, develops a program appropriate to the particular
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
proficiencytest.Aproficiencytestprogramshallbedesignedto
the ASTM website.
Available from theAmerican National Standards Institute, 11West 42nd Street,
th
13 Floor, New York, NY, 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2027–99
avoid any confusion about its objectives. A plan shall be 6.2.2.3 Evaluate proficiency test results of participating
established and documented (seeAnnexA2) before the start of laboratories,
the program and shall include the following information:
6.2.2.4 Provide advice to any body assessing the technical
competence of participating laboratories, both on the results
6.1.2.1 The name and the address of the organization
conducting the proficiency program, obtained during a proficiency test program, and how those
results should be used with other aspects of laboratory evalu-
6.1.2.2 The name and address of the coordinator and other
ations,
personnel involved in the design and operation of the profi-
6.2.2.5 Provide advice to participants who appear to expe-
ciency program,
rience problems, and
6.1.2.3 The nature and the purpose of the proficiency
6.2.2.6 Resolve disputes between the coordinator and par-
program,
ticipants.
6.1.2.4 Aprocedureforthemannerinwhichtheparticipants
6.3 Data Processing Equipment—Equipment shall be ad-
are selected, or criteria that need to be met before participation
equate to conduct all necessary data entry and statistical
is allowed,
analyses and provide timely and valid results. Procedures for
6.1.2.5 The name and address of the laboratory or labora-
checkingdataentryshallbeimplementedandallsoftwareshall
tories performing the various parts of the program (for ex-
be verified, supported and backed up. The storage and security
ample, sampling, sample processing, homogeneity testing and
of data files shall be controlled.
assigning values) and a description of the market to be served,
6.4 Statistical Design:
6.1.2.6 Thenatureofthetestmaterial(s)andtest(s)selected,
6.4.1 The statistical model and data analysis techniques to
as well as a short description of the considerations underlying
be used shall be documented together with a short description
these choices,
ofthebackgroundtotheirselection.Furtherdetailsofcommon
6.1.2.7 A description of the manner in which the test
statistical procedures and treatment of proficiency testing data
materials are obtained, processed, checked and transported,
are discussed in Annex A1.
6.1.2.8 The time schedule for the various phases of the
6.4.2 Careful consideration shall be given to the following
proficiency testing,
matters and their interactions: the repeatability and reproduc-
6.1.2.9 The expected initial and target dates or deadlines of
ibility of the test(s) involved; the smallest differences to be
the proficiency program including the date(s) for the testing to
detected between participating laboratories at a desired confi-
be carried out by the participants,
dence level; the number of participating laboratories; the
6.1.2.10 For ongoing programs, the frequency at which test
number of samples to be tested and the number of repeat tests
materials are distributed,
or measurements to be carried out on each sample; the
6.1.2.11 Information on methods or procedures which par-
procedures to be used to estimate the assigned value; proce-
ticipants may need to use to perform the tests or measurements
dures to be used to identify outliers; and, potential bias in the
(commonly their routine procedures),
test methods employed.
6.1.2.12 An outline of the statistical analysis to be used
6.5 Test Item Preparation:
including the determination of assigned value(s) and any
6.5.1 Preparation of test materials may either be outsourced
outlier detection techniques,
or undertaken by the coordinator. The organization preparing
6.1.2.13 The basis for performance evaluation techniques,
the test item shall have demonstrable competence to do so.
and
6.5.2 Any conditions relating to the test materials that may
6.1.2.14 Adescription of the extent to which the test results,
affect the integrity of the interlaboratory comparison, such as
and the conclusions that will be based on the outcome of the
homogeneity,stability,possibledamageintransitandeffectsof
proficiency tests, are to be made public.
ambient conditions shall be considered.
6.2 Staff:
6.5.3 The test materials or materials to be distributed in the
6.2.1 The staff shall include, or collaborate closely with,
program shall be similar in nature to those routinely tested by
those holding adequate qualifications and experience in the
participating laboratories.
design, implementation and reporting of interlaboratory com-
6.5.4 The number of test materials to be distributed may
parisons. They shall posess appropriate technical, statistical
depend on whether there is a requirement to cover a range of
and administrative skills.
compositions.
6.2.2 The operation of specific interlaboratory comparisons
6.5.5 The assigned value(s) shall not be disclosed to the
requirestheguidanceofpersonswithdetailedtechnicalknowl-
participants until after the results have been collated. However,
edge and experience of the test methods involved. To this end
in some cases it may be appropriate to advise target ranges
the coordinator shall enlist some professionals to act as an
prior to testing.
advisory group. The functions of this advisory group may be
6.5.6 Consideration may be given to preparation of addi-
to:
tional test materials other than those needed for the proficiency
6.2.2.1 Develop and review procedures for the planning
test program. Surplus test materials may be useful as quality
execution, analysis, reporting and monitoring the effectiveness
control materials, test samples for interlaboratory tests of new
of the proficiency testing program, test methods, or training aids for laboratories after results from
participants have been evaluated.
6.2.2.2 Identify and evaluate interlaboratory comparisons
organized by other bodies, 6.6 Test Item Management:
E2027–99
6.6.1 Procedures for sampling, randomizing, transporting, special requirements in the design of the proficiency test which
receiving, identifying, labelling, storing and handling of test may require departure from this principle). They shall also be
materials shall be documented. advised to avoid collusion with other participants.
6.6.2 Where bulk material is prepared for a proficiency test, 7.2.5 Participants shall be advised to ensure that their
it shall be sufficiently homogeneous for each test parameter so
laboratory capabilities are compatible with the protocols and
that all laboratories will receive test materials that do not differ test samples provided by the programs. Incompatibility be-
significantly in the parameters to be measured.The coordinator
tween the program and its participants’ capabilities can lead to
shall clearly state the procedure used to establish the homoge- inappropriate indicators of poor performance.
neity of the test item (seeA1.4). Homogeneity testing shall be
7.3 Packaging and Transportation:
carried out prior to the dispatch of the test materials to the
7.3.1 The coordinator of the program shall ensure that
participating laboratories.
packaging and methods of transport are adequate and able to
6.6.3 Where applicable, the coordinating laboratory shall
protect the stability and characteristics of the test materials.
also provide evidence that the test materials are sufficiently
There may be certain restrictions on transportation such as
stable to ensure that they will not undergo any significant
dangerous goods regulations, or customs requirements. In
change throughout the conduct of the proficiency test. When
somecases,thelaboratoriesthemselvesalsotakeresponsibility
unstable analytes need to be assessed, it may be necessary for
for the transport of the items, particularly in sequential mea-
the coordinating organization to prescribe a date by which the
surement comparisons programs.
testing shall be completed, along with required special pretest-
7.3.2 All appropriate customs declaration forms shall be
ing procedures.
completed by the coordinator to ensure that delays in customs
6.6.4 Coordinators shall consider any hazards that the test
clearance are minimized. The program shall comply with
materials might pose and take appropriate action to advise any
national and international regulations applicable to test item
party that might be at risk (for example, test material distribu-
transport.
tors, testing laboratories, etc.).
7.4 Data Analysis and Records:
6.7 Choice of Test Method:
7.4.1 The results received from the participating laborato-
6.7.1 The coordinator may instruct participants to use a
ries shall be entered and analyzed and then reported as soon as
specified test method. Such test methods are usually nationally
practicable. It is essential that procedures are put in place to
or internationally-accepted standard test methods, and will
check the validity of data entry and transfers and subsequent
have been validated by an appropriate procedure (for example,
statistical analysis. Data sheets, computer back-up files, print-
collaborative trial).
outs, graphs, etc., shall be retained for a specified period.
6.7.2 Participantsmaybeabletousethetestmethodoftheir
7.4.2 Data analysis shall generate summary measures and
choice, which is consistent with routine procedures used in
performance statistics and associated information consistent
their laboratories. Where participants are free to use a test
with the program’s statistical model and objectives. The
method of their own choice, coordinators shall request details
influence of extreme results on summary statistics shall be
of the test methods used to allow, where appropriate, the use of
minimized by the use of outlier detection tests to identify and
participants’ results to compare and comment on the test
then omit them or, preferably, by the use of robust statistics.
methods.
Annex A1 contains some broad suggestions for statistical
evaluations.
7. Operation and Reporting
7.4.3 Program coordinators shall have documented criteria
7.1 Coordination and Documentation—The day-to-day op-
for dealing with test results that may be inappropriate for
eration of a program shall be the responsibility of a coordina-
proficiency evaluations. For example, it is recommended that
tor. All practices and procedures shall be documented. These
for analytes for which the test material has been shown not to
...

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1.1 This test method is intended as a general guide for the application of the volumetric Karl Fischer (KF) titration for determining free water and water of hydration in most solid or liquid organic and inorganic compounds. This test method is designed for use with automatic titration systems capable of determining the KF titration end point potentiometrically; however, a manual titration method for determining the end point visually is included as Appendix X1. Samples that are gaseous at room temperature are not covered (see Appendix X4). This test method covers the use of pyridine-free KF reagents for determining water by the volumetric titration. Determination of water using KF coulometric titration is not discussed. By proper choice of the sample size, KF reagent concentration and apparatus, this test method is suitable for measurement of water over a wide concentration range, that is, parts per million to pure water.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 3.1.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions for chemicals used in this test procedure.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3063-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Antimony Content Using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 High levels of antimony are commonly used in flame retardant formulations for various materials. NAA is a test method that can be useful for verifying these levels and, for other materials, NAA can also be useful in establishing the amount of low level contamination, if any, with high sensitivity and high precision.  
5.2 Neutron activation analysis provides a rapid, highly sensitive, nondestructive procedure for antimony determination in a wide range of matrices. This test method is independent of the chemical form of the antimony.  
5.3 This test method can be used for quality and process control in the petrochemical and other manufacturing industries, and for research purposes in a broad spectrum of applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of antimony concentration in plastics or other hydrocarbon or organic matrix by using neutron activation analysis (NAA). The sample is activated by irradiation with neutrons from a research reactor and the subsequently emitted gamma-rays are detected with a germanium semiconductor detector. The same system may be used to determine antimony concentrations ranging from 1 ng/g to 10 000 μg/g with the lower end of the range limited by numerous interferences and the upper limit established by the demonstrated practical application of NAA.  
1.2 This test method may be used on either solid or liquid samples, provided that they can be made to conform in size and shape during irradiation and counting to a standard sample of known antimony content using very simple sample preparation. Several variants of this method have been described in the technical literature. A monograph is available which provides a comprehensive description of the principles of neutron activation analysis using reactor neutrons (1).2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2927-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the range of approximately 0.1 µgg-1 to 10 percent (%) (See Table X1.1) in soda-lime glass samples (7 and 8). A standard test method can aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.  
5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.  
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 µm to 100 µm in diameter by 80 µm to 150 µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 µg to 3 µg (6).  
5.4 Appropriate sampling techniques shall be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the materials at a microscopic scale.  
5.5 The precision, bias, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) shall be established during validation of the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison shall be recorded with the concentration.  
5.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) can also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and more sample preparation (Test Method E2330).  
5.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF include lower sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time (Test Method E2926).  
5.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) is also available for elemental analysis, but it is of limited use for forensic glass source d...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere (1-5).2 Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float glass fragments.  
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 µg to 3 µg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm by 0.2 mm (6) in dimension. The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method can be applied for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be required.  
1.3 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respo...

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ASTM
ASTM D5808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Organic as well as inorganic chlorine compounds can prove harmful to equipment and reactions in processes involving hydrocarbons.  
5.2 Maximum chloride levels are often specified for process streams and for hydrocarbon products.  
5.3 Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydrotreating or reforming reactors and this acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of organic chloride in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with chloride concentrations to 25 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.7 mg/kg. With careful analytical technique or the measurement of replicates, or both, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the LOD.
Note 1: The maximum is the highest concentration from the interlaboratory study and the LOD and LOQ were calculated from Performance Testing Program (PTP) data. See Table 1.  
1.3 This test method is preferred over Test Method D5194 for products, such as styrene, that are polymerized by the sodium biphenyl reagent.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 Organic chloride values of samples containing inorganic chlorides will be biased high due to partial recovery of inorganic species during combustion. Interference from inorganic species can be reduced by water washing the sample before analysis. This does not apply to water soluble samples.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.3 and Section 9.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2160-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in determining the extrapolated onset temperature, the peak heat flow temperature and the heat of reaction of a material. Any onset temperature determined by this test method is not valid for use as the sole information used for determination of storage or processing conditions.  
5.2 This test method is useful in determining the fraction of a reaction that has been completed in a sample prior to testing. This fraction of reaction that has been completed can be a measure of the degree of cure of a thermally reactive polymer or can be a measure of decomposition of a thermally reactive material upon aging.  
5.3 The heat of reaction values may be used in Practice E1231 to determine hazard potential figures-of-merit Explosion Potential and Shock Sensitivity.  
5.4 This test method may be used in research, process control, quality assurance, and specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures, using milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calorimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally unstable or thermoset materials.  
1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic reaction.  
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or slurries.  
1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is 25 °C to 600 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard is related to Test Method E537, but provides additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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