ASTM D3790-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying
Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The result obtained by this test is normally considered to be the moisture content of the leather sample. This result is used to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis.
4.2 Materials that are volatile under these conditions, other than water, may be present in the leather, although their amount in any normal leather would be expected to be a very small percentage of the total volatile matter.
4.3 Under the conditions of this test, certain materials in leather, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, may retain moisture. Other materials, such as tannins and oils, may be oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors in the moisture determination.
4.4 The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by a given leather varies with (a) degree of grinding of the sample, (b) weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of the oven drying, (d) shape of the weighing container, and (e) type of oven (gravity versus mechanical convection) used.
4.5 Because of the above unknown errors, the result of this test is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of the sample. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results among laboratories. This is particularly true if other chemical analytical tests being performed on the same sample are reported on the moisture-free basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile matter (moisture) in all types of leather.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3790 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Materials that are volatile under these conditions, other
thanwater,maybepresentintheleather,althoughtheiramount
1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile
in any normal leather would be expected to be a very small
matter (moisture) in all types of leather.
percentage of the total volatile matter.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.3 Under the conditions of this test, certain materials in
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
leather, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, may
standard.
retain moisture. Other materials, such as tannins and oils, may
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the moisture determination.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.4 The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
given leather varies with (a) degree of grinding of the sample,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(b) weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
oven drying, (d) shape of the weighing container, and (e) type
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of oven (gravity versus mechanical convection) used.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.5 Because of the above unknown errors, the result of this
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sample. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed
exactly in order to obtain reproducible results among labora-
2. Referenced Documents
tories.This is particularly true if other chemical analytical tests
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2.1 ASTM Standards: being performed on the same sample are reported on the
moisture-free basis.
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
Chemical Tests
5. Apparatus
3. Summary of Test Method
3
5.1 Weighing Bottle , glass, low-form, cylindrical with a
3.1 The ground leather specimen is heated in a mechanical-
ground-glassstopperofstandardtaper.Thebottleshallhave70
convection oven for 16 h at 100°C, placed in a desiccator,
6 5 mm inside diameter, and 33 6 3 mm overall height.
cooled, and reweighed. The loss in weight represents the
5.2 Oven, mechanical-convection draft capable of setting at
volatile matter.
100°C,withathermoregulatorsystemcapableofholdingoven
temperature within 62 °C of set point.Athermometer accurate
4. Significance and Use
to 60.2 °C should be used to check and monitor the oven set
4.1 Theresultobtainedbythistestisnormallyconsideredto
point.
be the moisture content of the leather sample. This result is
5.3 Balance, capable of weighing up to 100 g with an
used to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis.
accuracy of 60.001 g.
5.4 Desiccator, any convenient form or size, using any
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
normal desiccating agent such as calcium sulfate, calcium
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on Chemical Analysis.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
chloride, or silica gel.
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3790 - 79(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D3790-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Weighing bottles that have been found to be satisfactory are the Kimble Glass
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Co. No. 15165 with 71/15 standard-taper caps and are available from most
the ASTM website. laboratory supply houses.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3790 − 79 (Reapproved 2012) D3790 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile matter (moisture) in all types of leather.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The ground leather specimen is heated in a mechanical-convection oven for 16 h at 100°C, placed in a desiccator, cooled,
and reweighed. The loss in weight represents the volatile matter.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The result obtained by this test is normally considered to be the moisture content of the leather sample. This result is used
to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis.
4.2 Materials that are volatile under these conditions, other than water, may be present in the leather, although their amount in
any normal leather would be expected to be a very small percentage of the total volatile matter.
4.3 Under the conditions of this test, certain materials in leather, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, may retain
moisture. Other materials, such as tannins and oils, may be oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors in the moisture
determination.
4.4 The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by a given leather varies with (a) degree of grinding of the sample, (b)
weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of the oven drying, (d) shape of the weighing container, and (e) type of oven
(gravity versus mechanical convection) used.
4.5 Because of the above unknown errors, the result of this test is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of the sample.
It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results among laboratories. This is
particularly true if other chemical analytical tests being performed on the same sample are reported on the moisture-free basis.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on Chemical Analysis.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012April 1, 2017. Published April 2012May 2017. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
ε1
D3790 - 79(2006)(2012). . DOI: 10.1520/D3790-79R12.10.1520/D3790-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3790 − 17
5. Apparatus
3
5.1 Weighing Bottle , glass, low-form, cylindrical with a ground-glass stopper of standard taper. The bottle shall have 70 6 5
mm inside diameter, and 33 6 3 mm overall height.
5.2 Oven, mechanical-convection draft capable of setting at 100°C, 100 °C, with a thermoregulator system capable of holding
oven temperature within 6 2°C62 °C of set point. A thermometer accurate to 60.2°C 60.2 °C should be used to chec
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