ASTM E987-88(1994)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Deglazing Force of Fenestration Products
Standard Test Methods for Deglazing Force of Fenestration Products
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods measure the resistance of elements of fenestration products such as operating (or removable) window sashes, storm sashes, and sliding glass door panels (hereafter referred to as sash members) to forces tending to deglaze the construction.
1.2 These test methods utilize concentrated loads applied to the interior side of a sash member in a manner simulating normal opening and closing forces. Removable sashes are loaded to simulate handling for removal and cleaning.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric (SI) equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: E 987 – 88 (Reapproved 1994) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Deglazing Force of Fenestration Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 11 was added editorially in September 1994.
1. Scope applied parallel to the plane of the glazing material and
eccentric to the sash element when it is opened, closed, or lifted
1.1 These test methods measure the resistance of elements
out of the frame. When operating hardware is present, torsional
of fenestration products such as operating (or removable)
forces may be increased. Opening and closing forces are
window sashes, storm sashes, and sliding glass door panels
normally applied from the interior side only. Sliding glass door
(hereafter referred to as sash members) to forces tending to
panels are activated from both sides.
deglaze the construction.
4.2 The ability of fenestration products to resist deglazing
1.2 These test methods utilize concentrated loads applied to
forces may vary with a number of factors. These factors should
the interior side of a sash member in a manner simulating
be considered when selecting test specimens or when interpret-
normal opening and closing forces. Removable sashes are
ing test results. Bedding compounds in newly assembled
loaded to simulate handling for removal and cleaning.
sashes may not reach full strength until they have been allowed
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
to cure for several days or weeks. Some sash materials are
as the standard. The metric (SI) equivalents of inch-pound
subject to shrinkage at low temperatures and increased elastic-
units may be approximate.
ity at high temperatures. Therefore, a sash containing these
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
materials may exhibit a range of deglazing resistance due to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
varying temperature conditions. Normal manufacturing toler-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ances and clearances in sash members and glazing materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
may also affect deglazing resistance. Further, although fenes-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tration products are designed to operate within certain force
2. Referenced Documents limits, improper installation, wear, and abuse may increase the
forces necessary for sash operation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 When determining which members of a given sash shall
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
be tested for deglazing resistance, consideration must be given
3. Terminology
to the manner in which the sash may be operated when
normally installed. Handles and lift devices are usually located
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
on the sash for the convenience of the operator and therefore
methods, refer to Terminology E 631.
dictate the normal direction of operation.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.4 Test Method A presents a technique for actual measure-
3.2.1 deglazing—the movement of a sash member from its
ment of the deglazing forces of an individual sash member.
original position in relation to the glazing material. Deglazing
4.5 Test Method B presents a technique for measuring the
is expressed as a percentage of the original (before testing)
deglazing force of two opposite members. This test method is
glazing “bite.”
intended for quality control measurements.
3.2.2 deglazing force—the force required to obtain the
deglazing measured.
5. Apparatus
3.2.3 bite—the distance from the edge of the glazing mate-
5.1 Hydraulic or Pneumatic Ram, or an equivalent capable
rial to the sight line.
of producing at least a 100-lbf (445-N) force when connected
4. Significance and Use
to a hydraulic pump or compressed air supply, or an equivalent
of suitable capacity. The ram piston extension can be fitted to
4.1 Under normal usage, deglazing loads are generally
allow the addition of extensions to accommodate the width or
1 length of the specimen to be tested.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 5.1.1 Sliding Contact Shoe, to be fitted on either end of the
on Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
ram, as shown in Fig. 1.
Current edition approved Feb. 26, 1988. Published July 1988. Originally
5.1.1.1 For Test Method A, only one shoe is required, since
published as E 987 – 64. Last previous edition E 987 – 84.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 987
door panel to be tested. The test specimen shall be of the
maximum width and maximum height for which the test data
is to be determined.
6.2 The sash or panel members to be included in this test are
those having integral pull provisions, and those having no
integral pull provisions, but fitted with handles, latches, or
other means that might be used to operate the window or door.
Removable window sashes, because of their inherent capability
of being lifted by any sash surround, shall be tested on all four
sash surround members.
6.2.1 Test sliding glass door panels from both the interior
and exterior side on the stile containing the locking mecha-
nism, necessitating the submission of at least two panels for
each door tested.
6.3 Acclimate the test specimen to the ambient conditions
under which the test shall be conducted.
7. Procedures
7.1 Test Method A:
7.1.1 Provide a reaction fixture capable of withstanding at
least the anticipated maximum deglazing load to be achieved.
The fixture shall be designed so that when the ram is attached,
the ram will be perpendicular to the member under test at the
center point of the member, and parallel to the plane of glazing.
7.1.2 Support the test specimen, with the side to which
manual force is normally applied to operate the sash facing
upward, on (at least) two 2 by 4-in. (51 by 102-mm) wooden
supports located under the glass or other glazing material. Two
of the wooden supports shall be located within 1 in. (25.4 mm)
of each of the parallel sash members and be of sufficient length
to extend within 1 in. of each perpendicular sash member.
7.1.3 Provide a
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