ASTM D4803-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products
Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers prediction of the heat buildup in rigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient air temperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorption of the sun's energy. Note 1-This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review. Note 2-There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 7.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4803 – 97 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 1898 Practice for Sampling Plastics
D 3010 Practice for Preparing Compression-Molded Test
1.1 This test method covers prediction of the heat buildup in
Sample Plaques of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Com-
rigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient air
pounds
temperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorption
D 3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
of the sun’s energy.
Siding
NOTE 1—This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of
D 4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the
and Related PVC and CPVC Plastic Building Product
scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.
Compounds
NOTE 2—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
D 4477 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
matter of this test method.
Soffit
1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembled
D 4726 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
windows and doors are covered in Specification D 4726.
Exterior Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windows
1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered in
and Doors
Specification F 964.
E 631 Terminology of Building Construction
1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in Specification
F 964 Specification for Rigid Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
D 3679.
Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing
1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in Specification
D 4477.
3. Terminology
1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building products
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
compounds are covered in Specification D 4216.
nologies D 883 or E 631 and abbreviations with Terminology
1.7 The text of this test method references notes and
D 1600 unless otherwise indicated.
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
3.2.1 heat buildup—the increase in temperature above that
considered as requirements of this test method.
of ambient air due to the amount of energy absorbed by a
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
specimen from the sun.
as the standard.
3.2.2 temperature rise—the increase in temperature above
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that of ambient (laboratory) air due to absorption of energy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from a heating lamp (source).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
4.1 The PVC product (extruded product, injection molded
hazard statements are given in Section 7.
part, or compression molded) is cut apart to obtain a flat test
specimen at least 3 by 3 by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.5
2. Referenced Documents
6 0.5 mm).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The test specimen is heated under the infrared reflective
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
heat lamp to determine the temperature rise above ambient
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
(laboratory) temperature relative to a black control sample.
Plastic
4.3 The temperature rise data, obtained in the laboratory for
a given test specimen, is then used to predict the heat buildup,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
which may occur outdoors due to the sun.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
published as D 4803 – 89. Last previous edition D 4803 – 93. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4803
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to
absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion
problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance,
absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker
the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the
greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same
apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific
pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally
occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. The
black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts
of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The
maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this
black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the
sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a
vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on
a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back
of the specimen. See Appendix X1.
5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the tem-
perature rise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that of
a black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup due
to the sun’s energy.
5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup of
various colors or pigment systems, or both.
5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup compared
to black under certain defined severe conditions but does not
predict actual application temperatures of the product. These
will also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun,
clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Temperature Rise
6. Apparatus
(3.18-mm) hole in the bottom of the box, so that it extends 0.25
in. (6.35 mm) above the bottom surface of the box. The
6.1 Testing Apparatus—The apparatus shall be constructed
thermocouple bends under the weight of the specimen, but
essentially as shown in Fig. 1 and shall consist of the
shall retain contact with the specimen when the specimen is in
following:
place. The lamp shall be installed perpendicular to the thermo-
6.1.1 Wooden Box, opened from the top and the front and
couple. A specimen location grid may be inscribed on the
lined with 1-in. (25.4-mm) thick white rigid hydrous calcium
bottom of the box to facilitate centering of the thermocouple in
silicate heat insulation.
relation to the specimen.
6.1.2 White Infrared Heat Lamp, 250-W.
6.3 The distance from the bottom of the box to the bottom
6.1.3 Thermocouple, 40-gage Type J (iron-constantan); or
surface of the lamp shall be 15.5 6 1 in. (39.4 6 2.5 cm).
equivalent.
6.1.4 Digital Read-Out Temperature Meter, Type J; or
NOTE 5—Calculated heat buildup for the specimens is independent of
equivalent.
the distance between the light source and the surface of the specimen.
However, shorter distances lead to very high maximum equilibrium
NOTE 3—The type of insulation may affect absolute temperature rise.
temperatures, esp
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