ASTM C614-74(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended specifically for testing the resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein is tetrasodium pyrophosphate the equipment and techniques are equally applicable to other alkali solutions.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C614–74 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specimenholders,andtheflowchannelingshieldshallbemade
2 from stainless steel alloys from the AISI 300 Series.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resis-
3.2 Temperature Controller, thermistor-actuated, capable of
tance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium
maintaining the temperature of the alkali solution in the beaker
pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein
at 96.00 6 0.20°C.
istetrasodiumpyrophosphatetheequipmentandtechniquesare
3.3 Thermometer, calibrated, approximately 15 in. (380
equally applicable to other alkali solutions.
mm) long and ⁄32 in. (7.1 mm) in diameter, with 0.1° divisions.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Drying Oven, electrically heated.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.5 Balance,havingasensitivityof0.1mgandacapacityof
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
not less than 200 g.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.6 Desiccator.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.7 Hot Plate, or burner suitable for heating the test solu-
2. Significance and Use
tion.
3.8 Sponge, soft, cellulose.
2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the
1 1 1
3.9 Aluminum Alloy Sheets, approximately 3 ⁄2 by 3 ⁄2 by ⁄8
resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as
in. (89 by 89 by 3.1 mm).
a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination
washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is
4. Reagents and Materials
normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated
4.1 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, hydrated (Na P O ·
4 2 7
temperatures.
10H O), recrystallized, reagent grade.
3. Apparatus 4.2 Trisodium Phosphate (Na PO ·12H O).
3 4 2
3.1 Test Chamber, of a type illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and
5. Test Specimens
Fig. 6. This part of the equipment consists of a stainless steel
5.1 Preparation of Specimens— The test specimens shall
beaker fitted with an O-ring sealed cover which supports an
be 3 ⁄2 in. (89 mm) square and may be prepared by enameling
immersion heater, a stirring device, thermometer and ther-
metal blanks of that size or by cutting from a larger piece.
mistor wells; three specimen holders; a reflux condenser; a
Hanging holes, if necessary for firing or weighing or both, may
flow channeling shield to slide over and be supported by the
beplacedatthecorners.Thespecimensshallbesufficientlyflat
immersion heater; and a stirring motor. The beaker, heater
to permit sealing in the holders. The edges of cut specimens
sheath, stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells,
shall be stoned or filed to remove any sharp or loosely adhering
fragmentsofmetalorporcelainenamel.Itisrecommendedthat
the specimens be permanently marked on the back side for
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic
identification.
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
5.2 Number of Specimens—Six specimens shall be tested
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally
simultaneously.
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C614 – 74 (1999).
5.3 Cleaning of Specimens Before Alkali Exposure—The
DOI: 10.1520/C0614-74R05.
specimens shall be rinsed with running tap water and washed
This test was developed at the National Bureau of Standards under the
sponsorship of The Porcelain Enamel Institute, Inc., and published as P. E. I.
with a soft cellulose sponge dampened with a 1 % solution of
Bulletin T-25.
trisodium phosphate. A light pressure and a back-and-forth
See the appendix for drawings of the equipment. This equipment may be
motion in two directions, 90° apart, shall be used in the
purchased from the Hoover Instrument Service, Inc., 401 N. Home Rd.,Mansfield,
OH 44906. washing.Afterwashing,thespecimensshallberinsedfirstwith
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C614–74 (2005)
NOTE 1—Test solution is in stainless steel beaker.
FIG. 1 Alkali Equipment in Operation
running tap water, next with distilled water and then allowed to leakproof seal. Test the seal by filling the specimen box with
drain in a near vertical position prior to oven-drying at 110°C water to confirm the absence of leaks. Next, remove the water
for 15 min. The specimens shall be cooled in a desiccator for and preheat the specimen holder assembly in an oven at 110°C
30 min prior to weighing. for about 15 min.
5.4 Weighing of Test Specimens—The specimens shall be
6.4 Exposure of Specimens—When the test solution has
weighed immediately upon removal from the desiccator. reached 96°C and is under control, remove the lids and insert
Weights shall be recorded to 0.0001 g. The weighed specimens
preheated specimen holder assemblies in the proper openings.
shall be stored in a desiccator until tested.
Expose six specimens for6hat96 6 0.20°C. The exposure
timeshallstartuponinsertionofthespecimenholdersandshall
6. Procedure
end with their withdrawal. After removal from the holders
clean, dry and weigh the specimens as specified in 5.3 and 5.4.
6.1 Preparation of Test Solution—Prepare the test solution
6.5 Measurement of Exposed Area—Calculate the area of
by adding 260 g of tetrasodium pyrophosphate to 4.940 litres
the etched portion of the specimen using the average of two
of distilled water. Pour the entire amount of prepared solution
diameters,approximately90°apart,whichhavebeenmeasured
into the beaker and cover the rectangular slots with lids. Use a
freshly prepared solution for each set of six specimens. to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
6.2 Preheating Test Solution—Place the temperature con-
troller and stirrer in operation and preheat the solution to 96°C. 7. Calculation
Heating may be expedited by placing the beaker on a hot plate
7.1 Calculate the weight loss for each specimen as follows:
or over a gas burner. When a temperature near 96°C has been
2 3
L
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