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ASTM G146-01

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the evaluation of disbonding of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for use in refinery high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gaseous hydrogen service. It includes procedures to (a) produce suitable laboratory test specimens (b) obtain hydrogen charging conditions in the laboratory that are similar to those found in refinery HP/HT hydrogen gas service for evaluation of bimetallic specimens exposed to these environments, and (c) perform analysis of the test data. The purpose of this practice is to allow for comparison of data among test laboratories on the resistance of bimetallic stainless alloy/steels to hydrogen-induced disbonding (HID).  
1.2 This practice applies primarily to bimetallic products fabricated by weld overlay of stainless alloy onto a steel substrate. Most of the information developed using this practice has been obtained for such materials. The procedures described herein, may also be appropriate for evaluation of hot roll bonded, explosive bonded, or other suitable processes for applying stainless alloys on steel substrates. However, due to the broad range of possible materials, test conditions, and variations in test peocedures, it is up to the user of this practice to determine the suitability and applicability of these procedures for evaluation of such materials.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable for evaluation of materials for service conditions involving severe hydrogen charging which may produce HID as shown in Fig. 1 for stainless steel weld overlay on steel equipment (see Refs1 and 2 and Appendix X1). However, it should be noted that this practice may not be appropriate for forms of bimetallic construction or service conditions which have not been observed to cause HID in service.  
1.4 Additional information regarding the evaluation of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for HID, test methodologies, and the effects of test conditions, materials, and welding variables, and inspection techniques is given in Appendix X1.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
77.140.20 - Stainless steels
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G146-96 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Replaced By
ASTM G146-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM G146-01 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen ServiceASTM G146-01 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service
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ASTM G146-01 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G 146 – 01
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel
Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery
1
Hydrogen Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the evaluation of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
disbonding of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for use in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
refinery high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gaseous hy-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
drogen service. It includes procedures to (a) produce suitable
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
laboratory test specimens, (b) obtain hydrogen charging con-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for
ditions in the laboratory that are similar to those found in
additional safety information.
refinery HP/HT hydrogen gas service for evaluation of bime-
tallic specimens exposed to these environments, and (c) per-
2. Referenced Documents
form analysis of the test data. The purpose of this practice is to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
allow for comparison of data among test laboratories on the
G 111 Guide for Corrosion Tests in High-Temperature or
resistance of bimetallic stainless alloy/steels to hydrogen-
2
High-Pressure Environment, or Both
induced disbonding (HID).
3
E 3 Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
1.2 This practice applies primarily to bimetallic products
2.2 ASME Standard:
fabricated by weld overlay of stainless alloy onto a steel
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V,Article 5, Tech-
substrate. Most of the information developed using this prac-
4
nique Two
tice has been obtained for such materials. The procedures
described herein, may also be appropriate for evaluation of hot
3. Terminology
roll bonded, explosive bonded, or other suitable processes for
3.1 Definitions:
applying stainless alloys on steel substrates. However, due to
3.1.1 HID—a delamination of a stainless alloy surface layer
the broad range of possible materials, test conditions, and
from its steel substrate produced by exposure of the material to
variations in test procedures, it is up to the user of this practice
a hydrogen environment.
to determine the suitability and applicability of these proce-
3.1.2 Discussion—This phenomenon can occur in internally
dures for evaluation of such materials.
stainless alloy lined steel equipment by the accumulation of
1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable for evaluation
molecular hydrogen in the region of the metallurgical bond at
of materials for service conditions involving severe hydrogen
the interface between the steel and stainless alloy surface layer
charging which may produce HID as shown in Fig. 1 for
produced by exposure to service conditions involving HP/HT
stainless steel weld overlay on steel equipment (see Refs 1 and
hydrogen in the refinery hydroprocessing.
2 in Appendix X1). However, it should be noted that this
practice may not be appropriate for forms of bimetallic
4. Summary of Practice
construction or service conditions which have not been ob-
4.1 Stainless alloy/steel specimens are exposed to a gaseous
served to cause HID in service.
hydrogen containing environment at HP/HT conditions for
1.4 Additional information regarding the evaluation of bi-
sufficient time to produce hydrogen charging in the material.
metallic stainless alloy/steel plate for HID, test methodologies,
Following exposure, the specimens are cooled to ambient
and the effects of test conditions, materials, and welding
temperatureatacontrolledrate.Thespecimensarethenheldat
variables, and inspection techniques is given in Appendix X1.
room temperature for a designated period to allow for the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
2
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
3
Corrosion Tests. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
published as G 146 - 96. Last previous edition G 146 - 96. New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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5.1 This practice provides an indication of the resistance or susceptibility, or both, to HID of a metallurgically bonded stainless alloy surface layer on a steel substrate due to exposure to hydrogen-containing gaseous environments under HP/HT conditions. This practice is applicable over a broad range of pressures, temperatures, cooling rates, and gaseous hydrogen environments where HID could be a significant problem. These procedures can be used to assess the effects of material composition, processing methods, fabrication techniques, and heat treatment as well as the effects of hydrogen partial pressure, service temperature, and cooling rate. The HID produced by these procedures may not correlate directly with service experience for particular applications. Additionally, this practice does not address the evaluation of high-temperature hydrogen attack in the steel substrate. Typically, longer exposure times at the test conditions must be utilized to allow for the resistance to decarburization, internal blistering or cracking, or both, to be evaluated.
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1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the evaluation of disbonding of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for use in refinery high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gaseous hydrogen service. It includes procedures to (1) produce suitable laboratory test specimens, (2) obtain hydrogen charging conditions in the laboratory that are similar to those found in refinery HP/HT hydrogen gas service for evaluation of bimetallic specimens exposed to these environments, and (3) perform analysis of the test data. The purpose of this practice is to allow for comparison of data among test laboratories on the resistance of bimetallic stainless alloy/steels to hydrogen-induced disbonding (HID).  
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FIG. 1 Conditions of Hydrogen Partial Pressure and Temperature with Demonstrated Susceptibility to Hydrogen Disbonding in Refinery High-Pressure Hydrogen Service  
Note 1: Open symbols—no disbonding reported. Filled symbols—disbonding reported.  
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1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy-thickness coils beyond the size limits of Specification A1011/A1011M.  
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Width, in. [mm]  
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[From 6.0 through 25]  
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1.4.2 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). Plate converted from coils is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now a plate, the requirements of the appropriate plate specification shall apply, except in cases where there is a conflict between the requirements of the plate specification and this specification. In these cases, the more restrictive limits of either specification shall apply.  
1.4.3 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.  
1.4.4 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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This specification covers general requirements for ferritic alloy steel, austenitic alloy steel, and stainless steel tubes. The steel shall made by any process. The material shall conform to the tensile property requirements prescribed in the individual product specification. Yield strength tests and elongation tests shall be made to conform to the requirements. Flattening test, reverse flattening test, reverse bend test, flaring test, flange test, hardness test, ultrasonic test, eddy current test, flux leakage test, and hydrostatic test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.
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1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below.    
Title of Specification  
ASTM
DesignationA  
Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and
Superheater Tubes  
A209/A209M  
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and Heat-Exchanger Tubes  
A213/A213M  
Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger,
and Condenser Tubes  
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Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and
Superheater Tubes  
A250/A250M  
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A270/A270M  
Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for
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A334/A334M  
Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes  
A688/A688M  
Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Breeder Reactor Core
Components  
A771/A771M  
Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing
for General Service  
A789/A789M  
Seamless and Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater
Tubes  
A803/A803M  
Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Duct
Tubes for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components  
A826/A826M  
High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed, Austenitic
Steel Condenser Tubes  
A851  
Welded Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater, Condenser,
and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Textured Surface(s)  
A1098/A1098M  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this general requirements specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this general requirements specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, Shapes, and Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished materials, except wire, for forging. The materials shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: (1) hot-worked; (2) hot-worked and annealed; (3) hot-worked, annealed and cold-worked; or (4) hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated. Product analysis tolerances shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, columbium, tantalum, copper, aluminum, nitrogen, tungsten, vanadium, and selenium. The materials shall be heat treated and austenitic stainless steels and austenitic-ferritic grades shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition and shall conform to the required values of temperature, permitted annealing procedure, quenching, and rapid cooling.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1.  
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M.  
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A276/A276M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The bars shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: Condition A in which the bars are annealed, Condition H in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relative temperature, Condition T in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relatively high temperature, Condition S in which the bars are strain hardened or relatively light cold worked, and Condition B in which the bars are relatively severe cold worked. The material shall be subjected to a mechanical test to determine its tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging (Note 1). It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The free-machining types (Note 2) for general corrosion resistance and high-temperature service are covered in a separate specification.  
Note 1: For bars for reforging, see Specification A314.
Note 2: For free-machining stainless bars designed especially for optimum machinability, see Specification A582/A582M.
Note 3: There are standards covering high nickel, chromium, austenitic corrosion, and heat-resisting alloy materials. These standards are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee B02.07 and may be found in  Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 02.04.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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