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ASTM E108-10a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test methods described herein are intended to provide a basis for relative comparison of roof coverings. The test methods include simulated fire exposure to the outside of the roof coverings, and, where applicable, a determination as to whether the fire performance characteristics of the roof coverings will be adversely affected by prolonged exposure to rain.
These test methods measure the surface spread of flame and the ability of the roof covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the underside of a roof deck under the conditions of exposure.
These test methods also provide criteria to determine if the roof covering material will develop flying burning material, identified as flying brands, when subjected to a 12-mph (5.3-m/s) wind during the simulated fire exposure tests.
These test methods do not necessarily illustrate the expected performance of roof coverings under all actual fire conditions, but they do provide a basis for comparing roof covering materials when subjected to fire sources that are described herein.
These test methods do not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics when exposed to a fire originating in the building to which the roofing material is applied.
The test methods described herein involve calibrating the test equipment using a calibration deck inclined at a slope of 5 in. per horizontal ft (0.416:1). The tests described herein are performed on test decks inclined at slopes up to and including 5 in. per horizontal ft. The severity of the test exposure decreases as the slope of the test deck decreases below 5 in. per horizontal ft.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers the measurement of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings under simulated fire originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or noncombustible decks when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included:
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.
1.1.3 Burning brand test.
1.1.4 Flying brand test.
1.1.5 Rain test.
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:
1.2.1 Class A Tests  are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against severe test exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.2.2 Class B Tests  are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against moderate test exposure, afford a moderate degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.2.3 Class C Tests  are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light test exposure, afford a light degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirem...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2010
ICS
13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
91.060.20 - Roofs
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.14 - External Fire Exposures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E108-10 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Replaced By
ASTM E108-11 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3462/D3462M-23 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D2898-10(2017) - Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6662-22 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking Boards
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2307-23a - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2777-20 - Standard Guide for Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2874-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire-Test Response Characteristics of a Building Spandrel-Panel Assembly Due to External Spread of Fire
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2726/E2726M-12a(2017) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Fire-Test-Response of Deck Structures to Burning Brands
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3018/D3018M-22 - Standard Specification for Class A Asphalt Shingles Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2886/E2886M-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E3020-22 - Standard Practice for Ignition Sources
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E108–10a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 Thisfire-test-responsestandardcoversthemeasurement
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings under
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
simulated fire originating outside the building. It is applicable
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
to roof coverings intended for installation on either combus-
notes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be
tible or noncombustible decks when applied as intended for
considered as requirements of this standard.
use. The following test methods are included:
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.3 Burning brand test.
D225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt)
1.1.4 Flying brand test.
Surfaced With Mineral Granules
1.1.5 Rain test.
D226 SpecificationforAsphalt-SaturatedOrganicFeltUsed
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:
in Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2.1 ClassATests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatare
D227 Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic Felt
effective against severe test exposure, afford a high degree of
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and
D312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
do not present a flying brand hazard.
D450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,
1.2.2 Class B Tests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatare
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
effective against moderate test exposure, afford a moderate
D1227 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt Used as a
degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from
Protective Coating for Roofing
position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
D2178 SpecificationforAsphaltGlassFeltUsedinRoofing
1.2.3 ClassCTests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatare
and Waterproofing
effectiveagainstlighttestexposure,affordalightdegreeoffire
D2626 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
not present a flying brand hazard.
D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D3018 Specification for ClassAAsphalt Shingles Surfaced
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
with Mineral Granules
and are not considered standard.
D3158 Discontinued 1984; Specification forAsphalt Satu-
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3
rated and Coated Organic Felt Used in Roofing
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
D3378 Discontinued 1985; Specification for Asphalt-
flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by
Saturated and Coated Asbestos Felt Base Sheet Used in
itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
3
Roofing
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
actual fire conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 2
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
StandardsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.14onExternalFire contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Exposures. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E108-10. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/E0108-10A. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E108–10a
D3462 Specification forAsphalt Shingles Made from Glass 4.6 The test methods described herein involve calibrating
Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Gra
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E108–10 Designation:E108–10a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisfire-test-responsestandardcoversthemeasurementoftherelativefirecharacteristicsofroofcoveringsundersimulated
fire originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or
noncombustible decks when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included:
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.
1.1.3 Burning brand test.
1.1.4 Flying brand test.
1.1.5 Rain test.
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:
1.2.1 Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against severe test exposure, afford a high degree of fire
protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.2.2 Class B Tests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatareeffectiveagainstmoderatetestexposure,affordamoderatedegree
of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.2.3 Class C Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light test exposure, afford a light degree of fire
protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of
the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes,
excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt) Surfaced With Mineral Granules
D226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
D227 Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
D312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
D450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
D1227 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt Used as a Protective Coating for Roofing
D2178 Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
D2626 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Organic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.14 on External Fire
Exposures.
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.15,2010.PublishedFebruary2010.Originallyapprovedin1955.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin20072010asE108-07a.E108-10.DOI:
10.1520/E0108-10A.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E108–10a
D3018 Specification for Class AAsphalt Shingles Surfaced with Mineral Granules
D3158 Discontinued 1984; Specification for Asphalt Saturated and Coated Organic Felt Used in Roofing
D3378 Discontinued 1985; Specification for Asphal
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods described herein are intended to provide a basis for relative comparison of roof coverings. The test methods include simulated fire exposure to the outside of the roof coverings, and, where applicable, a determination as to whether the fire performance characteristics of the roof coverings will be adversely affected by prolonged exposure to rain.  
4.2 These test methods measure the surface spread of flame and the ability of the roof covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the underside of a roof deck under the conditions of exposure.  
4.3 These test methods also provide criteria to determine if the roof covering material will develop flying burning material, identified as flying brands, when subjected to a 12-mph (5.3-m/s) wind during the simulated fire exposure tests.  
4.4 These test methods do not necessarily illustrate the expected performance of roof coverings under all actual fire conditions, but they do provide a basis for comparing roof covering materials when subjected to fire sources that are described herein.  
4.5 These test methods do not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics when exposed to a fire originating in the building to which the roofing material is applied.  
4.6 The test methods described herein involve calibrating the test equipment using a calibration deck inclined at a slope of 5 in. per horizontal ft (0.416:1). The tests described herein are performed on test decks inclined at slopes up to and including 5 in. per horizontal ft. The severity of the test exposure decreases as the slope of the test deck decreases below 5 in. per horizontal ft.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers the measurement of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings exposed to simulated fire sources originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or noncombustible roof decks when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included:  
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.  
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.  
1.1.3 Burning brand test.  
1.1.4 Flying brand test.  
1.1.5 Rain test.  
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:  
1.2.1 Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.2.2 Class B Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective against moderate fire exposure, afford a moderate degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.2.3 Class C Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light fire exposure, afford a light degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Resistance to Wildfire Penetration of Eaves, Soffits and Other Projections

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method described herein monitors the fire characteristics and the ability of eave overhangs and other projections to resist exterior fire penetration from underneath under the specified fire exposure conditions.  
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of the eave overhang or projection shall be included in the test specimen when these details are representative of the end-use construction.  
5.3 The test method does not apply to vents or perforated materials used to enclose or cap eaves, soffits, and other projections.
Note 1: Test Methods E2912 and E2886/E2886M are methods used to test vents or perforated materials to resist direct flame impingement and flame penetration into the building.  
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1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method for qualitatively assessing the resistance to fire penetration of eave overhangs and other projections, such as the soffits of roof eaves and cantilevered floor projections, when exposed to direct flame impingement from a simulated external wildfire exposure, such as encountered in a “Wildland Urban Interface” scenario. This test method provides data suitable for comparing the relative performance of materials, which are used as the exposed underside surfaces of eave overhangs and other projections.  
1.2 This test method measures the ability of eave overhangs and other projections to resist fire penetration from the exterior into the wall cavity or unexposed side of the test specimen under the conditions of exposure.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to eave overhangs and other projections such as the soffits of roof eaves and cantilevered floor projections intended for use with either combustible or noncombustible building envelopes.  
1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.  
1.5 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods described herein are intended to provide a basis for relative comparison of roof coverings. The test methods include simulated fire exposure to the outside of the roof coverings, and, where applicable, a determination as to whether the fire performance characteristics of the roof coverings will be adversely affected by prolonged exposure to rain.  
4.2 These test methods measure the surface spread of flame and the ability of the roof covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the underside of a roof deck under the conditions of exposure.  
4.3 These test methods also provide criteria to determine if the roof covering material will develop flying burning material, identified as flying brands, when subjected to a 12-mph (5.3-m/s) wind during the simulated fire exposure tests.  
4.4 These test methods do not necessarily illustrate the expected performance of roof coverings under all actual fire conditions, but they do provide a basis for comparing roof covering materials when subjected to fire sources that are described herein.  
4.5 These test methods do not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics when exposed to a fire originating in the building to which the roofing material is applied.  
4.6 The test methods described herein involve calibrating the test equipment using a calibration deck inclined at a slope of 5 in. per horizontal ft (0.416:1). The tests described herein are performed on test decks inclined at slopes up to and including 5 in. per horizontal ft. The severity of the test exposure decreases as the slope of the test deck decreases below 5 in. per horizontal ft.
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1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers the measurement of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings exposed to simulated fire sources originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or noncombustible roof decks when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included:  
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.  
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.  
1.1.3 Burning brand test.  
1.1.4 Flying brand test.  
1.1.5 Rain test.  
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:  
1.2.1 Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.2.2 Class B Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective against moderate fire exposure, afford a moderate degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.2.3 Class C Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light fire exposure, afford a light degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method described herein monitors the fire characteristics and the ability of eave overhangs and other projections to resist exterior fire penetration from underneath under the specified fire exposure conditions.  
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of the eave overhang or projection shall be included in the test specimen when these details are representative of the end-use construction.  
5.3 The test method does not apply to vents or perforated materials used to enclose or cap eaves, soffits, and other projections.
Note 1: Test Methods E2912 and E2886/E2886M are methods used to test vents or perforated materials to resist direct flame impingement and flame penetration into the building.  
5.4 The test method is devised for eave overhangs and other projections independent of the materials covering the building envelope.
Note 2: Heat contribution from burning materials covering the building envelope beyond the prescribed fire exposure is not considered in this test method.  
5.5 The test method does not necessarily represent the expected performance of eave overhang and projections under all actual fire conditions, but it does provide a basis for comparing eave overhang and projections materials when subjected to the test procedure described herein.  
5.6 In this procedure, the test specimen is subjected to specific laboratory fire test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test conditions and construction tested.  
5.7 The test method does not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics of eave overhangs or projections when exposed to a fire originating in the building.  
5.8 The test method does not address interior or exterior flame spread.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method for qualitatively assessing the resistance to fire penetration of eave overhangs and other projections, such as the soffits of roof eaves and cantilevered floor projections, when exposed to direct flame impingement from a simulated external wildfire exposure, such as encountered in a “Wildland Urban Interface” scenario. This test method provides data suitable for comparing the relative performance of materials, which are used as the exposed underside surfaces of eave overhangs and other projections.  
1.2 This test method measures the ability of eave overhangs and other projections to resist fire penetration from the exterior into the wall cavity or unexposed side of the test specimen under the conditions of exposure.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to eave overhangs and other projections such as the soffits of roof eaves and cantilevered floor projections intended for use with either combustible or noncombustible building envelopes.  
1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.  
1.5 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    4 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D1751-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Asphalt Types)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    7 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D8139-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.  
1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    2 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F3337-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measurements on Weathered Fractions of Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A standard procedure is necessary to establish property changes for spilled oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.  
5.2 This procedure employs standardized equipment, and test procedures.  
5.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to fractionate oil by evaporative weathering and then measure the properties and behavior of the weathered oil. The results of this guide can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models and response method selection.  
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for oil weathering and behavior and does not cover all possible procedures which may be applicable to this topic.  
1.3 The results obtained using this guide are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products when spilled and input to oil spill models.  
1.4 The results obtained using this guide can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.  
1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
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  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
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