ASTM E350-95(2005)e1

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
1.3 Test methods for the determination of several elements not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E 30 and Test Methods E 1019.
1.4 Some of the concentration ranges given in are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10 are also used.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section and in special "Warning" paragraphs throughout these test methods.  
1.6 This test method covers the determination of manganese in concentrations from 0.01 to 2.5 %.
1.7 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in concentrations from 0.003 to 0.09 %.
1.8 The upper limit of the scope has been set at 0.09 % because sufficient numbers of test materials containing higher phosphorus contents were unavailable for testing in accordance with Practice E 173. However, recognizing that the chemical principles used in this test method are capable of handling higher concentrations, the test method includes a calibration procedure up to 0.25 %. Users of this test method are cautioned that its use above 0.09 % is not supported by interlaboratory testing.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2005
• ICS: 77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
• Technical Committee: E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Drafting Committee: E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E350 − 95(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon
Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E350; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in June 2007.
1. Scope
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20
to 1.5 %) 124–131
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Photometric Method (0.003
to 0.20 %) 76–86
carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic Absorption
iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within
Method (0.005 to 0.20 %) 308–317
the following limits:
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Photometric Method (0.0002 to
0.030 %) 142–151
Element Concentration Range, %
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.02 to 0.25 %) 298–307
Aluminum 0.001 to 1.50
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin Photometric Method (0.0003
Antimony 0.002 to 0.03
to 0.006 %) 208–219
Arsenic 0.0005 to 0.10
Calcium by the Direct-Current Argon Plasma Optical Emission
Bismuth 0.005 to 0.50
Spectroscopy Method (0.0005 to 0.010 %) 289–297
Boron 0.0005 to 0.02
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 to
Calcium 0.0005 to 0.01
1.80 %)—Discontinued 1995
Cerium 0.005 to 0.50
Cerium and Lanthanum by the D-C Plasma Optical Emission
Chromium 0.005 to 3.99
Method (0.003 to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 to 0.30 % Lanthanum) 249–257
Cobalt 0.01 to 0.30
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 to 1.00 %) 220–229
Columbium (Niobium) 0.002 to 0.20
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration Method
Copper 0.005 to 1.50
(0.05 to 3.99 %) 230–238
Lanthanum 0.001 to 0.30
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Photometric Method (0.01 to
Lead 0.001 to 0.50
0.30 %) 53–62
Manganese 0.01 to 2.50
Copper by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.004 to 0.5 %) 279–288
Molybdenum 0.002 to 1.50
Copper by the Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.005 to
Nickel 0.005 to 5.00
1.50 %) 114–123
Nitrogen 0.0005 to 0.04
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 to
Oxygen 0.0001 to 0.03
0.50 %) 132–141
Phosphorus 0.001 to 0.25
Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 to 2.0 %) 269–278
Selenium 0.001 to 0.50
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Photometric Method (0.01 to
Silicon 0.001 to 5.00
2.5 %) 8-17
Sulfur 0.001 to 0.60
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method
Tin 0.002 to 0.10
(0.10 to 2.50 %) 164–171
Titanium 0.002 to 0.60
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Photometric Method (0.01 to
Tungsten 0.005 to 0.10
1.50 %) 152–163
Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50
Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.003 to 0.5 %) 318–327
Zirconium 0.005 to 0.15
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 to
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the 5.00 %) 180–187
Nickel by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic—Absorption Method (0.005
sections indicated as follows:
to 1.00 %) 188–197
Sections Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 to 0.25 %) 172–179
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Photometric Method (0.003
to 0.09 %) 18-29
Silicon by the Molybdenum Blue Photometric Method (0.01 to
0.06 %) 103–113
Silicon by the Gravimetric Titration Method (0.01 to 3.5 %) 46–52
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 to
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct
0.3 %) 37–45
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 to 0.1 %) 95–102
Current edition approved June 6, 2007. Published May 2005. Originally
ε1 Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E350 – 95 (2000) .
to 0.10 %) 198–207
DOI: 10.1520/E0350-95R05E01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E350 − 95 (2005)
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
Titanium, Total, by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric
Method (0.025 to 0.30 %) 258–268
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 to 0.15 %) 239–248
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
1.3 Test methods for the determination of several elements
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
not included in this standard can be found inTest Methods E30
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
and Test Methods E1019.
E1024 Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal
Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
1.4 Some of the concentration ranges given in 1.1 are too
tometry (Withdrawn 2004)
broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements by
standard contains multiple test methods for some elements.
Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
The user must select the proper test method by matching the
E1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-
information given in the Scope and Interference sections of
tion of Chemical Composition
each test method with the composition of the alloy to be
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
analyzed.
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.2 ISO Standard:
standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in IEEE/ASTM SI
ISO 5725 Precision of Test Methods—Determination of
10 are also used.
Repeatability and Reproducibility for Inter-Laboratory
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Tests
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test
statements are given in Section 5 and in special “Warning”
such materials for compliance with compositional
paragraphs throughout these test methods.
specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of
ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related
2. Referenced Documents
AlloysandA04onIronCastings.Itisassumedthatallwhouse
2.1 ASTM Standards: these test methods will be trained analysts capable of perform-
ing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped
laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E30 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron, those described in Guide E882.
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
4. Apparatus, Reagents, and Instrumental Practices
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
4.1 Apparatus—Specialized apparatus requirements are
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
listed in the “Apparatus” Section in each test method. In some
Related Materials
cases reference may be made to Practices E50.
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
Materials by Spectrophotometry
4.2 Reagents:
E173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of
4.2.1 Purity of Reagents—Unless otherwise indicated, all
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn
reagentsusedinthesetestmethodsshallconformtothereagent
1998)
grade specifications of theAmerican Chemical Society. Other
E319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical
chemicals may be used, provided it is first ascertained that they
Balances
are of sufficiently high purity to permit their use without
E351 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Cast Iron—All
adversely affecting the expected performance of the
Types
determination, as indicated in the Precision and Bias section.
E352 TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofToolSteelsand
4.2.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
defined by Type II of Specification D1193.
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-
5. Hazards
Nickel-Iron Alloys
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
5.1 For precautions to be observed in the use of certain
Temperature,Electrical,Magnetic,andOtherSimilarIron,
reagentsandequipmentinthesetestmethods,refertoPractices
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
E50.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Chemical Society, Washington, DC, www.chemistry.org. For suggestions on the
the ASTM website. testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society, see the United
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention,
www.astm.org. Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD, http://www.usp.org.
´1
E350 − 95 (2005)
6. Sampling the other at 545 nm. The latter is recommended when a
“narrow-band” spectrophotometer is used.
6.1 For procedures for sampling the material, reference
shall be made to Practice E1806.
13. Reagents
7. Interlaboratory Studies and Rounding Calculated
13.1 Manganese, Standard Solution (1 mL = 0.032 mg
Values
Mn)—Transfer the equivalent of 0.4000 g of assayed, high-
purity manganese (purity: 99.99 % minimum), to a 500-mL
7.1 These test methods have been evaluated using Practice
volumetric flask and dissolve in 20 mL of HNO by heating.
E173 or ISO 5725.
Cool, dilute to volume, and mix. Using a pipet, transfer 20 mL
7.2 Calculated values shall be rounded to the desired num-
to a 500-mL volumetric flask, dilute to volume, and mix.
ber of places in accordance with the Rounding Method of
Practice E29. 13.2 Nitric-Phosphoric Acid Mixture— Cautiously, while
stirring, add 100 mL of HNO and 400 mL of H PO to 400
3 3 4
MANGANESE BY THE METAPERIODATE
mL of water. Cool, dilute to 1 L, and mix. Prepare fresh as
PHOTOMETRIC METHOD
needed.
13.3 Potassium Metaperiodate Solution (7.5 g/L)—Dissolve
8. Scope
7.5 g of potassium metaperiodate (KIO ) in 200 mL of hot
8.1 This test method covers the determination of manganese
HNO (1+1), add 400 mL of H PO , cool, dilute to 1 L, and
3 3 4
in concentrations from 0.01 to 2.5 %.
mix.
9. Summary of Test Method 13.4 Water, Pretreated with Metaperiodate—Add 20 mL of
KIO solution to 1 L of water, mix, heat at not less than 90°C
9.1 Manganous ions are oxidized to permanganate ions by
for 20 to 30 min, and cool. Use this water to dilute solutions to
reaction with metaperiodate ions. Solutions of the samples are
volume that have been treated with KIO solution to oxidize
fumed with perchloric acid so that the effect of metaperiodate
manganese, and thus avoid reduction of permanganate ions by
ion is limited to the oxidation of manganese. Photometric
any reducing agents in the untreated water. Caution—Avoid
measurement is made at approximately 545 nm.
the use of this water for other purposes.
10. Concentration Range
14. Preparation of Calibration Curve
10.1 The recommended concentration range is from 0.15 to
14.1 Calibration Solutions—Usingpipets,transfer5,10,15,
0.8 mg of manganese per 50 mL of solution, using a 1-cm cell
20, and 25 mL of manganese standard solution (1 mL = 0.032
(Note 1) and a spectrophotometer with a band width of 10 nm
mg Mn) to 50-mL borosilicate glass volumetric flasks, and, if
or less.
necessary, dilute to approximately 25 mL. Proceed as directed
NOTE1—Thistestmethodhasbeenwrittenforcellshavinga1-cmlight
in 14.3.
path and a “narrow-band” instrument. The concentration range depends
upon band width and spectral region used as well as cell optical path
14.2 Reference Solution—Transfer approximately 25 mL of
length. Cells having other dimensions may be used, provided suitable
water to a 50-mL borosilicate glass volumetric flask. Proceed
adjustments can be made in the amounts of sample and reagents used.
as directed in 14.3.
11. Stability of Color
14.3 Color Development—Add 10 mL of KIO solution,
and heat the solutions at not less than 90°C for 20 to 30 min
11.1 The color is stable for at least 24 h.
(Note 2). Cool, dilute to volume with pretreated water, and
mix.
12. Interferences
12.1 The elements ordinarily present do not interfere. Per-
NOTE 2—Immersing the flasks in a boiling water bath is a preferred
chloric acid treatment, which is used in the procedure, yields means of heating them for the specified period to ensure complete color
development.
solutionswhichcanbehighlycoloredduetothepresenceofCr
(VI) ions. Although these ions and other colored ions in the
14.4 Photometry:
sample solution undergo no further change in color quality
14.4.1 Multiple-Cell Photometer—Measure the cell correc-
upon treatment with metaperiodate ion, the following precau-
tion using the Reference Solution (14.2) in absorption cells
tionsmustbeobservedwhenfilterphotometersareused:Select
with a 1-cm light path and using a light band centered at
a filter with maximum transmittance between 545 and 565 nm.
approximately545nm.Usingthetestcell,takethephotometric
The filter must transmit not more than5%ofits maximum at
readings of the calibration solutions versus the reference
a wavelength shorter than 530 nm. The band width of the filter
solution (14.2).
should be less than 30 nm when measured at 50 % of its
14.4.2 Single-Cell Photometer—Transfer a suitable portion
maximum transmittance. Similar restrictions apply with re-
of the reference solution (14.2) to an absorption cell with a
spect to the wavelength region employed when other “wide-
1-cm light path and adjust the photometer to the initial setting,
band” instruments are used.
using a light band centered at a
...