ASTM G99-05(2016)

Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The amount of wear in any system will, in general, depend upon the number of system factors such as the applied load, machine characteristics, sliding speed, sliding distance, the environment, and the material properties. The value of any wear test method lies in predicting the relative ranking of material combinations. Since the pin-on-disk test method does not attempt to duplicate all the conditions that may be experienced in service (for example; lubrication, load, pressure, contact geometry, removal of wear debris, and presence of corrosive environment), there is no insurance that the test will predict the wear rate of a given material under conditions differing from those in the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the wear of materials during sliding using a pin-on-disk apparatus. Materials are tested in pairs under nominally non-abrasive conditions. The principal areas of experimental attention in using this type of apparatus to measure wear are described. The coefficient of friction may also be determined.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2016
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• Technical Committee: G02 - Wear and Erosion
• Drafting Committee: G02.40 - Non-Abrasive Wear

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM G99-05(2010) - Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Replaced By: ASTM G99-17 - Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D7027-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Scratch Resistance of Polymeric Coatings and Plastics Using an Instrumented Scratch Machine
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G204-21 - Standard Test Method for Damage to Contacting Solid Surfaces under Fretting Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G132-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Pin Abrasion Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G133-22 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G115-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G99 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG99;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope held, is often used as the pin specimen. The test machine
causes either the disk specimen or the pin specimen to revolve
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for
about the disk center. In either case, the sliding path is a circle
determining the wear of materials during sliding using a
on the disk surface. The plane of the disk may be oriented
pin-on-disk apparatus. Materials are tested in pairs under
either horizontally or vertically.
nominally non-abrasive conditions. The principal areas of
experimental attention in using this type of apparatus to
NOTE 1—Wear results may differ for different orientations.
measure wear are described. The coefficient of friction may
3.1.1 The pin specimen is pressed against the disk at a
also be determined.
specifiedloadusuallybymeansofanarmorleverandattached
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
weights. Other loading methods have been used, such as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
hydraulic or pneumatic.
standard.
NOTE 2—Wear results may differ for different loading methods.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Wear results are reported as volume loss in cubic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
millimetres for the pin and the disk separately. When two
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different materials are tested, it is recommended that each
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
material be tested in both the pin and disk positions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 The amount of wear is determined by measuring appro-
2. Referenced Documents
priatelineardimensionsofbothspecimensbeforeandafterthe
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test,orbyweighingbothspecimensbeforeandafterthetest.If
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
linear measures of wear are used, the length change or shape
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
change of the pin, and the depth or shape change of the disk
G117Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of
wear track (in millimetres) are determined by any suitable
Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Ero-
metrological technique, such as electronic distance gaging or
sion Tests
stylusprofiling.Linearmeasuresofwearareconvertedtowear
3
2.2 DIN Standard:
volume (in cubic millimetres) by using appropriate geometric
DIN 50324Testing of Friction and Wear
relations. Linear measures of wear are used frequently in
practicesincemasslossisoftentoosmalltomeasureprecisely.
3. Summary of Test Method
Iflossofmassismeasured,themasslossvalueisconvertedto
3.1 For the pin-on-disk wear test, two specimens are re-
volume loss (in cubic millimetres) using an appropriate value
quired. One, a pin with a radiused tip, is positioned perpen-
for the specimen density.
dicular to the other, usually a flat circular disk. A ball, rigidly
3.4 Wear results are usually obtained by conducting a test
for a selected sliding distance and for selected values of load
1
and speed. One set of test conditions that was used in an
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-
interlaboratory measurement series is given in Table 1 and
Abrasive Wear.
Table 2 as a guide. Other test conditions may be selected
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
depending on the purpose of the test.
approvedin1990.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asG99–05(2010).DOI:
10.1520/G0099-05R16.
3.5 Wear results may in some cases be reported as plots of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
wear volume versus sliding distance using different specimens
contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
for different distances. Such plots may display non-linear
the ASTM website.
relationships between wear volume and distance over certain
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN-- DIN Deutsches Institut fur
portions of the total sliding distance, and linear relationships
Normunge.V.),Burggrafenstrasse6,10787,Berlin,Germany,http://www.en.din.de.
over other portions. Causes for such differing relationships
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G99 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) G99 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G99; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the wear of materials during sliding using a pin-on-disk
apparatus. Materials are tested in pairs under nominally non-abrasive conditions. The principal areas of experimental attention in
using this type of apparatus to measure wear are described. The coefficient of friction may also be determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Erosion Tests
3
2.2 DIN Standard:
DIN 50324 Testing of Friction and Wear
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 For the pin-on-disk wear test, two specimens are required. One, a pin with a radiused tip, is positioned perpendicular to the
other, usually a flat circular disk. A ball, rigidly held, is often used as the pin specimen. The test machine causes either the disk
specimen or the pin specimen to revolve about the disk center. In either case, the sliding path is a circle on the disk surface. The
plane of the disk may be oriented either horizontally or vertically.
NOTE 1—Wear results may differ for different orientations.
3.1.1 The pin specimen is pressed against the disk at a specified load usually by means of an arm or lever and attached weights.
Other loading methods have been used, such as hydraulic or pneumatic.
NOTE 2—Wear results may differ for different loading methods.
3.2 Wear results are reported as volume loss in cubic millimetres for the pin and the disk separately. When two different
materials are tested, it is recommended that each material be tested in both the pin and disk positions.
3.3 The amount of wear is determined by measuring appropriate linear dimensions of both specimens before and after the test,
or by weighing both specimens before and after the test. If linear measures of wear are used, the length change or shape change
of the pin, and the depth or shape change of the disk wear track (in millimetres) are determined by any suitable metrological
technique, such as electronic distance gaging or stylus profiling. Linear measures of wear are converted to wear volume (in cubic
millimetres) by using appropriate geometric relations. Linear measures of wear are used frequently in practice since mass loss is
often too small to measure precisely. If loss of mass is measured, the mass loss value is converted to volume loss (in cubic
millimetres) using an appropriate value for the specimen density.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010June 1, 2016. Published April 2010June 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
G99G99 – 05 (2010).–05. DOI: 10.1520/G0099-05R10.10.1520/G0099-05R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN-- DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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G99 − 05 (2016)
TABLE 1 Characteristics of the Interlaboratory Wear Test Specimens
NOTE 1—See Note 4 for information.
A
Ro
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