ASTM D482-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material present in a product can provide information as to whether or not the product is suitable for use in a given application. Ash can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001–0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants (Note 1). The test method is limited to petroleum products which are free from added ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds (Note 2).
Note 1—In certain types of samples, all of the ash-forming metals are not retained quantitatively in the ash. This is particularly true of distillate oils, which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metals quantitatively.
Note 2—This test method is not intended for the analysis of unused lubricating oils containing additives; for such samples use Test Method D 874. Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containing lead nor for used engine crankcase oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The preferred expression of the property is mass %.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D482 − 07
Designation:4/96
Standard Test Method for
1
Ash from Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
range 0.001–0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels,
and Additives
gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials pres-
Petroleum Products
ent are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
contaminants (Note 1).The test method is limited to petroleum
Petroleum Products
products which are free from added ash-forming additives,
D4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric
including certain phosphorus compounds (Note 2).
Karl Fischer Titration
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
NOTE 1—In certain types of samples, all of the ash-forming metals are
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
not retained quantitatively in the ash. This is particularly true of distillate
oils, which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metals
Measurement System Performance
quantitatively.
D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products
NOTE 2—This test method is not intended for the analysis of unused
and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
lubricating oils containing additives; for such samples use Test Method
D874. Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containing
3. Summary of Test Method
lead nor for used engine crankcase oils.
3.1 The sample contained in a suitable vessel is ignited and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
allowed to burn until only ash and carbon remain. The
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
carbonaceous residue is reduced to an ash by heating in a
only. The preferred expression of the property is mass %.
muffle furnace at 775°C, cooled and weighed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
present in a product can provide information as to whether or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
not the product is suitable for use in a given application. Ash
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or
from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust.
5. Apparatus
5.1 EvaporatingDishorCrucible,madeofplatinum,silica,
or porcelain, of 90 mL minimum capacity to 120-mL maxi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
mum capacity.
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
2
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D482–03. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D0482-07. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D482 − 07
5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining a tem- 8.2.3 When the sample is viscous or solid at room tempera-
perature of 775 6 25°C and preferably having suitable ture, heat the container carefully until the sample is entirely
apertures at the front and rear so as to allow a slow natural liquidandmixcarefully.Anovenatanappropriatetemperature
draught of air to pass through. can be used.
8.2.4 The sample can contain water. After heating in an
5.3 Meeker Gas Burner, or equivalent.
oven, the water can boil causing splattering or foaming. The
3
5.4 Mechanical Shaker.
operator
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D482–03 Designation:D482–07
Designation: 4/96
Standard Test Method for
1
Ash from Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001–0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels, gas
turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are
normallyconsideredtobeundesirableimpuritiesorcontaminants(Note1).Thetestmethodislimitedtopetroleumproductswhich
are free from added ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds (Note 2).
NOTE 1—In certain types of samples, all of the ash-forming metals are not retained quantitatively in the ash. This is particularly true of distillate oils,
which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metals quantitatively.
NOTE 2—This test method is not intended for the analysis of unused lubricating oils containing additives; for such samples use Test Method D 874.
Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containing lead nor for used engine crankcase oils.
1.2SI units are regarded as the standard. The preferred expression of the property is mass %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The preferred expression of the property is mass %.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4928 Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
Performance
D 6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Thesamplecontainedinasuitablevesselisignitedandallowedtoburnuntilonlyashandcarbonremain.Thecarbonaceous
residue is reduced to an ash by heating in a muffle furnace at 775°C, cooled and weighed.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material present in a product can provide information as to whether or not the
product is suitable for use in a given application.Ash can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous
solids such as dirt and rust.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on
Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D482–02.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 482–03.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For AnnualBookofASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D482–07
5. Apparatus
5.1 Evaporating Dish or Crucible , made of platinum, silica, or porcelain, of 90 mL minimum capacity to 120-mL maximum
capacity.
5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining a temperature of 775 6 25°C and preferabl
...
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