ASTM D4931-06(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gross Moisture in Green Petroleum Coke
Standard Test Method for Gross Moisture in Green Petroleum Coke
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Moisture adds mass to the coke and serves no useful purpose. A knowledge of the moisture content is important in the purchase and sale of green petroleum coke, both of which are conducted on a dry basis.
5.2 The collection of the sample as specified for the Drying Oven Method is intended for the express purpose of determining the total moisture of green petroleum coke. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers for determination when other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed on.
5.3 The Preparation Procedure is used only when sample contains free water. Obtaining a representative sample of a coke source is compounded by the presence of free water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers both the preparation procedure for samples containing free water (air drying loss (ADL) on gross moisture samples) and the determination of the gross moisture content of green petroleum coke.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4931 − 06 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Gross Moisture in Green Petroleum Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope atmosphere in the room in which further reduction/division of
the petroleum coke sample is to take place.
1.1 This test method covers both the preparation procedure
3.1.2 air dry loss, ADL, n—the loss in mass, expressed as a
for samples containing free water (air drying loss (ADL) on
percentage, resulting from each air drying operation.
gross moisture samples) and the determination of the gross
moisture content of green petroleum coke.
3.1.3 free water, n—visible unbound water in the sample.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 green petroleum coke, n—same as raw petroleum
standard.
coke.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.5 gross moisture, n—that moisture determined as the
information only.
loss in mass in an air atmosphere under rigidly controlled
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Test Method D3302 prescribes the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
above controlled conditions.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.6 petroleum coke, n—solid, carbonaceous residue pro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
duced by thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum fractions,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or cracked stocks, or both.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.7 residual moisture, n—that moisture remaining in the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sample after air drying.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.8 total moisture, n—synonym for gross moisture.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method is based on the loss in mass of a green
2.1 ASTM Standards:
petroleum coke sample in an air atmosphere under controlled
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
4.1.1 Preparation Procedure shall be used when the petro-
of Coal
leum coke sample contains free water. The gross moisture
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
sample is weighed and air dried to equilibrate it with the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
atmosphere. Determination of residual moisture is that deter-
Sieves
mined using the Drying Oven Method.Air drying and residual
moisture losses are combined to report gross moisture.
3. Terminology
4.1.2 Drying Oven Method shall be used in routine com-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mercial practice when the sample does not contain free water.
3.1.1 air drying, n—a process of partial drying of a green
The sample is crushed to at least minus 25 mm (1 in.) top sieve
petroleum coke sample to bring it to near equilibrium with the
size and divided into analytical portions of at least 500 g each.
Determinationoftotalgrossmoistureiscalculatedbysumming
1 the results of the Drying Oven Method and the results of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Preparation Procedure.
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4931 – 06 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D4931-06R17.
5.1 Moisture adds mass to the coke and serves no useful
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
purpose. A knowledge of the moisture content is important in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the purchase and sale of green petroleum coke, both of which
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. are conducted on a dry basis.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4931 − 06 (2017)
5.2 The collection of the sample as specified for the Drying so constructed that fresh air is introduced to all parts of the
Oven Method is intended for the express purpose of determin- oventoensuretheremovalofmoisture-ladenair.Airflowshall
ing the total moisture of green petroleum coke. The standard is bemaintainedatsufficientlylowvelocitytopreventlossoffine
available to producers, sellers, and consumers for determina- particles, (for example, one exchange per minute).
tion when other techniques or modifications are not mutually
6.2 Drying Pans:
agreed on.
6.2.1 Pans for the gross moisture sample (Preparation
5.3 The Preparation Procedure is used only when sample
Procedure) shall be noncorroding, mass-stable at temperature
contains free water. Obtaining a representative sample of a used, and large enough so that the sample can be spread to a
coke source is compounded by the presence of free water.
depth of not more than twice the diameter of the largest
particles, or not more than 25 mm (1.0 in.) depth for smaller
6. Apparatus
coke. The pan sides shall be 50 mm to 75 mm (2 in. to 3 in.)
6.1 Ovens: high.
6.1.1 Air Drying Oven—Adeviceforpassingslightlyheated 6.2.2 Pans for crushed and divided sample shall be
air over the sample. The oven shall be capable of maintaining noncorroding, mass-stable at temperature used, and large
atemperatureof10 °Cto15 °C(18 °Fto27 °F)aboveambient enough so that the sample can be spread to depth of not more
with a maximum oven temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) unless than 50 mm (2 in.). The sides shall be not more than 75 mm
ambient temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F), in which case (3 in.) high.
ambient temperature shall be used.Air changes are to be at the
6.3 Balances:
rate of 1 to 4/min. A typical oven is shown in Fig. 1.
6.3.1 Balance (Gross Sample)—A balance with a minimum
6.1.2 Drying Oven (for residual moisture on minus 25 mm
capacity of 10 kg and sensitive to 1 g.
(1.0 in.) samples sieve USAstandard—forced-air type). It shall
6.3.2 Balance (Crushed Sample)—A balance with a mini-
be capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 °C 6 5 °C and
mum capacity of 4 or sufficient to weigh the pan, sample, and
container and sensitive to 0.1 g.
6.4 Laboratory Sample Containers—Noncorroding cans
with airtight, friction top or screw top sealed with a rubber
gasket and pressure-sensitive tape for use in storage and
transport of the labor
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4931 − 06 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Gross Moisture in Green Petroleum Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope atmosphere in the room in which further reduction/division of
the petroleum coke sample is to take place.
1.1 This test method covers both the preparation procedure
3.1.2 air dry loss, ADL, n—the loss in mass, expressed as a
for samples containing free water (air drying loss (ADL) on
percentage, resulting from each air drying operation.
gross moisture samples) and the determination of the gross
moisture content of green petroleum coke.
3.1.3 free water, n—visible unbound water in the sample.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 green petroleum coke, n—same as raw petroleum
standard.
coke.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.5 gross moisture, n—that moisture determined as the
information only.
loss in mass in an air atmosphere under rigidly controlled
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Test Method D3302 prescribes the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
above controlled conditions.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.6 petroleum coke, n—solid, carbonaceous residue pro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
duced by thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum fractions,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or cracked stocks, or both.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.7 residual moisture, n—that moisture remaining in the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sample after air drying.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.8 total moisture, n—synonym for gross moisture.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method is based on the loss in mass of a green
2.1 ASTM Standards:
petroleum coke sample in an air atmosphere under controlled
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
4.1.1 Preparation Procedure shall be used when the petro-
of Coal
leum coke sample contains free water. The gross moisture
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
sample is weighed and air dried to equilibrate it with the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
atmosphere. Determination of residual moisture is that deter-
Sieves
mined using the Drying Oven Method. Air drying and residual
moisture losses are combined to report gross moisture.
3. Terminology
4.1.2 Drying Oven Method shall be used in routine com-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mercial practice when the sample does not contain free water.
3.1.1 air drying, n—a process of partial drying of a green
The sample is crushed to at least minus 25 mm (1 in.) top sieve
petroleum coke sample to bring it to near equilibrium with the size and divided into analytical portions of at least 500 g each.
Determination of total gross moisture is calculated by summing
1 the results of the Drying Oven Method and the results of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Preparation Procedure.
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4931 – 06 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D4931-06R17.
5.1 Moisture adds mass to the coke and serves no useful
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
purpose. A knowledge of the moisture content is important in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the purchase and sale of green petroleum coke, both of which
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. are conducted on a dry basis.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4931 − 06 (2017)
5.2 The collection of the sample as specified for the Drying so constructed that fresh air is introduced to all parts of the
Oven Method is intended for the express purpose of determin- oven to ensure the removal of moisture-laden air. Air flow shall
ing the total moisture of green petroleum coke. The standard is be maintained at sufficiently low velocity to prevent loss of fine
available to producers, sellers, and consumers for determina- particles, (for example, one exchange per minute).
tion when other techniques or modifications are not mutually
6.2 Drying Pans:
agreed on.
6.2.1 Pans for the gross moisture sample (Preparation
5.3 The Preparation Procedure is used only when sample Procedure) shall be noncorroding, mass-stable at temperature
contains free water. Obtaining a representative sample of a
used, and large enough so that the sample can be spread to a
coke source is compounded by the presence of free water. depth of not more than twice the diameter of the largest
particles, or not more than 25 mm (1.0 in.) depth for smaller
6. Apparatus
coke. The pan sides shall be 50 mm to 75 mm (2 in. to 3 in.)
6.1 Ovens: high.
6.1.1 Air Drying Oven—A device for passing slightly heated 6.2.2 Pans for crushed and divided sample shall be
air over the sample. The oven shall be capable of maintaining noncorroding, mass-stable at temperature used, and large
a temperature of 10 °C to 15 °C (18 °F to 27 °F) above ambient enough so that the sample can be spread to depth of not more
with a maximum oven temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) unless than 50 mm (2 in.). The sides shall be not more than 75 mm
ambient temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F), in which case (3 in.) high.
ambient temperature shall be used. Air changes are to be at the
6.3 Balances:
rate of 1 to 4/min. A typical oven is shown in Fig. 1.
6.3.1 Balance (Gross Sample)—A balance with a minimum
6.1.2 Drying Oven (for residual moisture on minus 25 mm
capacity of 10 kg and sensitive to 1 g.
(1.0 in.) samples sieve USA standard—forced-air type). It shall
6.3.2 Balance (Crushed Sample)—A balance with a mini-
be capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 °C 6 5 °C and
mum capacity of 4 or sufficient to weigh the pan, sample, and
container and sensitive to 0.1 g.
6.4 Laboratory Sample Containers—Noncorroding cans
with airtight, friction top or screw top sealed with a rubber
gasket and pressure-sensitive tape for use in storage and
transport of the laboratory sample. Glass containers, sealed
with rubber gaskets, can be u
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4931 − 06 (Reapproved 2011) D4931 − 06 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Gross Moisture in Green Petroleum Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers both the preparation procedure for samples containing free water (air drying loss (ADL) on gross
moisture samples) and the determination of the gross moisture content of green petroleum coke.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 air drying, n—a process of partial drying of a green petroleum coke sample to bring it to near equilibrium with the
atmosphere in the room in which further reduction/division of the petroleum coke sample is to take place.
3.1.2 air dry loss, ADL, n—the loss in mass, expressed as a percentage, resulting from each air drying operation.
3.1.3 free water, n—visible unbound water in the sample.
3.1.4 green petroleum coke, n—same as raw petroleum coke.
3.1.5 gross moisture, n—that moisture determined as the loss in mass in an air atmosphere under rigidly controlled conditions
of temperature, time, and air flow.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
Test Method D3302 prescribes the above controlled conditions.
3.1.6 petroleum coke, n—solid, carbonaceous residue produced by thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum fractions, or
cracked stocks, or both.
3.1.7 residual moisture, n—that moisture remaining in the sample after air drying.
3.1.8 total moisture, n—synonym for gross moisture.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2017. Published August 2011November 2017. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D4931D4931 – 06 (2011).–06. DOI: 10.1520/D4931-06R11.10.1520/D4931-06R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4931 − 06 (2017)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method is based on the loss in mass of a green petroleum coke sample in an air atmosphere under controlled
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
4.1.1 Preparation Procedure shall be used when the petroleum coke sample contains free water. The gross moisture sample is
weighed and air dried to equilibrate it with the atmosphere. Determination of residual moisture is that determined using the Drying
Oven Method. Air drying and residual moisture losses are combined to report gross moisture.
4.1.2 Drying Oven Method shall be used in routine commercial practice when the sample does not contain free water. The
sample is crushed to at least minus 25 mm (1 in.) 25 mm (1 in.) top sieve size and divided into analytical portions of at least 500
g 500 g each. Determination of total gross moisture is calculated by summing the results of the Drying Oven Method and the results
of the Preparation Procedure.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Moisture adds weightmass to the coke and serves no useful purpose. A knowledge of the moisture content is important in
the purchase and sale of green petroleum coke, both of which are conducted on a dry basis.
5.2 The collection of the sample as specified for the Drying Oven Method is intended for the express purpose of determining
the total moisture of green petroleum coke. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers for determination when
other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed on.
5.3 The Preparation Procedure is used only when sample contains free water. Obtaining a representative sample of a coke
source is compounded by the presence of free water.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Ovens:
6.1.1 Air Drying Oven—A device for passing slightly heated air over the sample. The oven shall be capable of maintaining a
temperature of 1010 °C to 15°C (1815 °C (18 °F to 27°F)27 °F) above ambient with a maximum oven temperature of 40°C
(104°F)40 °C (104 °F) unless ambient temperature is above 40°C (104°F),40 °C (104 °F), in which case ambient temperature shall
be used. Air changes are to be at the rate of 1 to 4/min. A typical oven is shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.2 Drying Oven (for residual moisture on minus 25-mm (1.0-in.)25 mm (1.0 in.) samples sieve USA standard—forced-air
type). It shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 105105 °C 6 5°C5 °C and so constructed that fresh air is introduced to
all parts of the oven to ensure the removal of moisture-laden air. Air flow shall be maintained at sufficiently low velocity to prevent
loss of fine particles, (for example, one exchange per minute).
6.2 Drying Pans:
6.2.1 Pans for the gross moisture sample (Preparation Procedure) shall be noncorroding, weight-stablemass-stable at
temperature used, and large enough so that the sample can be spread to a depth of not more than twice the diameter of the largest
particles, or not more than 25 mm (1.0 in.) 25 mm (1.0 in.) depth for smaller coke. The pan sides shall be 50 to 75 mm (2 to 3
in.) 50 mm to 75 mm (2 in. to 3 in.) high.
6.2.2 Pans for crushed and divided sample shall be noncorroding, weight-stablemass-stable at temperature used, and large
enough so that the sample can be spread to depth of not more than 50 mm (2 in.). 50 mm (2 in.). The sides shall be not more than
75 mm (3 in.) 75 mm (3 in.) high.
6.3 Balances:
6.3.1 Balance (Gross Sample)—A balance with a minimum capacity of 10 kg 10 kg and sensitive to 1 g.1 g.
6.3.2 Balance (Crushed Sample)—A balance with a minimum capacity of 4 or sufficient to weigh the pan, sample, and container
and sensitive to 0.1 g.0.1 g.
6.4 Laboratory Sample Containers—Noncorroding cans with airtight, friction top or
...
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