ASTM D1480-02e1

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below 40000 cSt (mm2/s) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.
Note 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D 1217.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Note 1 and Note 2.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2002
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0D - Physical and Chemical Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1480-02 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D1480-07 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6448-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2162-21 - Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4868-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D445-21e2 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3238-22a - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5236-18a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation: D 1480 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Original footnote 4 was deleted editorially in June 2006, since there is no longer a sole supplier of the pycnometer.
1. Scope 3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity)—the ratio of the
mass (weight in a vacuum) of a given volume of material at a
1.1 This test method describes two procedures for the
temperature, t , to the mass of an equal volume of water at a
1
measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the
reference temperature, t ; or it is the ratio of the density of the
desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids 2
material at t to the density of water at t . When the reference
1 2
of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities
2
temperature is 4°C (the temperature at which the relative
below 40 000 cSt (mm /s) at the test temperature.The method
densityofwaterisunity),relativedensity(specificgravity)and
is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C.
density are numerically equal.
It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the
precision section does not apply.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,
at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for
density or specific gravity is then calculated from this weight
converting density to specific gravity.
and the previously determined calibration factor, and a correc-
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.
regarded as the standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific quality of crude oils.
precautionary statements see Note 1 and Note 2.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of
petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of
2. Referenced Documents
measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
15°C.
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
tures of 40 and 100°C is particularly useful in providing the
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-GlassThermometers
data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in
2
centistokes (mm /s) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities
3. Terminology
in centipoises (mPa·s).
3.1 Definitions:
6. Apparatus
3.1.1 density—the weight in a vacuum (that is, the mass) of
a unit volume of the material at any given temperature.
6.1 Pycnometer, Bingham-type of 10-mL capacity (as
3
shown in Fig. 1), constructed of heat-resistant glass.
1
NOTE 2—Pycnometershavingcapacitiesof2to25mLareavailablebut
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
have not been cooperatively evaluated.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath, provided with suitable py-
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
cnometer holders and means for maintaining temperatures
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D1480–93(1997).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
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D1480–02
FIG. 1 Bingham-Type Pycnometer
constant to 60.01°C in the desired range.
...