ASTM D5428-08(2013)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data collection for inflatable restraints.
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions used to evaluate the physical performance of inflatable restraint modules and module components during and after deployment.
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures determined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by visual inspection.
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side inflatable restraint modules.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice acknowledged in the report.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5428 −08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 SAE Standard:
J211Instrumentation for Impact Test
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions
usedtoevaluatethephysicalperformanceofinflatablerestraint
3. Terminology
modulesandmodulecomponentsduringandafterdeployment.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be
3.2 For all terminology relating to D13.20, Inflatable
obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures deter-
Restraints, refer to Terminology D6799.
mined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by
breakout pressure, cushion, deployment, inflatable restraint,
visual inspection.
inflator, maximum inflation pressure, module
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side
3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, see Terminology
inflatable restraint modules.
D123.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this
4. Summary of Practice
practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and
the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice
4.1 Inflatablerestraintmodulesaremountedintoateststand
acknowledged in the report.
that allows for deployments under conditions that duplicate or
closely resemble the conditions in a vehicle.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.2 Instrumentation within the test stand charts inflation
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
pressures versus time. High-speed photography visually cap-
must be used independent of the other.
tures changing cushion geometries over time.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Moduledeploymentsarereviewedforpressureandtime
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
relationships, cushion geometries at one or more times during
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the cycle, and post-inflation material analysis.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for
2. Referenced Documents
repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data
2.1 ASTM Standards:
collection for inflatable restraints.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the
D6799Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints
supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint
2.2 Federal Standard:
modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a
CFR 49Code of Federal Regulations
lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the
purchaserandthesupplier,thispracticeshallconstitutethetest
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5428–08. DOI:
used as a guideline in establishing a written material specifi-
10.1520/D5428-08R13.
cation or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth
Office, Washington, DC 20525. Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5428−08 (2013)
described herein when (based on experience) considerations of properfloorplanshouldincludeaphysicalbarrierbetweentest
fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable personnelandthedeviceundertest.Inaddition,atemperature-
restraint system design dictate otherwise. controlled environment is important for test accuracy, and a
room fan is required to vent smoke and particulates from the
6. Interferences
test bay.
6.1 The pressure transducer and pickup tube must be
8.3 In consideration of safety for test personnel working
mounted in a position which does not interfere with the
with inflatable restraint devices, personnel involved in module
unfolding cushion.
deploymentsmustbeequippedwiththeappropriateequipment
and safety training. Examples of the necessary safety equip-
6.2 The pressure versus time data is subject to recording
ment include; remote firing systems, equipment shielding,
anomalies and electronic noise. The data should be digitally
laboratory clothing, safety glasses, gloves, and electrostatic
filteredtoobtaintheunderlyingsmoothpressurecurvepriorto
grounding straps. Proper written safety procedures shall be
data analysis.
followed in accordance with standard ordinance and pyrotech-
nic industry practices. All applicable OSHA safety standards
7. Apparatus
shall be identified and complied with.
7.1 Mounting Fixture, suitable for simulating as closely as
possible the physical features of the location of a module
9. Sampling
mounted in a vehicle. See A1.1.
9.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and therefore
7.2 Pressure Transducer and Pickup Tube, suitable for
necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction with
measuringpressuresinsidethecushionfrom0to689kPa(0to
lot acceptance. The sampling plan shall be determined by
100psi),mountedinastaticorlow-pressureareainthemodule
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
thatdoesnotinterferewithcushiondeployment,andcapableof
withstanding the temperatures of the conditioning chamber.
10. Temperature Conditioning
See A1.2.
10.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and there-
7.3 Film or Tape Video System, suitable for recording the
fore necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction
changing geometry of the cushion during deployment at 1000
with lot acceptance.The sampling plan shall be determined by
or more frames per second, and capable of being synchronized
agreement of purchaser and supplier. Module assemblies are
precisely with a firing pulse.
conditioned at cold, ambient, or hot temperatures prior to
7.4 Data Acquisition System, suitable for recording the
deployment. Unless otherwise specified, the conditioning tem-
output of a pressure transducer versus elapsed time of deploy-
peratures are: −30°C (−22°F) for cold, 22°C (72°F) for
ment. See A1.3.
ambient, and 80°C (176°F) for hot. Use a temperature toler-
ance of 62°C (65°F) and condition for a minimum of4hto
7.5 Conditioning Chamber, suitable for maintaining the
ensureestablishmentofmoistureequilibrium.Assembliesshall
temperature of a module in a range between −55°C (−67°F)
be placed in the conditioning chamber in a manner that allows
and 120°C (248°F) with a tolerance of 62°C (64°F). See
free air movement and no direct contact with the chamber
A1.4.
walls.
7.6 Electrical Firing Pulse Source,suitableforactuatingthe
10.2 Aconditioned module shall be deployed within 3 min
inflator and able to communicate with recording devices
ofremovalfromtheconditioningchamber.Ifthe3-minlimitis
dependent on an electrical starting signal. See A1.5.
exceeded, the module shall be reconditioned for 10 min for
7.7 Lighting System, suitable for high-resolution photogra-
every minute past the 3-min limit.
phy.
7.8 For inflatable restraints, all measurement equipment
11. Procedure
used in accordance with the procedures referenced in this
11.1 Conditionthemoduleinaccordancewith10.1and10.2
practice shall be certified for calibration
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