ASTM C1000-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to analyze soil for alpha-emitting uranium isotopes. It can be used to establish baseline uranium levels and to monitor depositions from nuclear facilities.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes one acceptable approach to the determination of uranium isotopes in soil.
1.2 The test method is designed to analyze 10 g of soil; however, the sample size may be varied to 50 g depending on the activity level. This test method may not be able to completely dissolve all forms of uranium in the soil matrix. Studies have indicated that the use of hydrofluoric acid to dissolve soil has resulted in lower values than results using total dissolution by fusion.
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time, sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. The chemical yield averaged 78 % in a single laboratory evaluation, and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Section 10.
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Designation: C1000 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by
1
Alpha Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determi-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-
nation of Radionuclides
emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes
C1163 Practice for MountingActinides forAlpha Spectrom-
one acceptable approach to the determination of uranium
2 etry Using Neodymium Fluoride
isotopes in soil.
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for
1.2 The test method is designed to analyze 10 g of soil;
Alpha Spectrometry
however, the sample size may be varied to 50 g depending on
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the activity level. This test method may not be able to
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
completely dissolve all forms of uranium in the soil matrix.
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
Studies have indicated that the use of hydrofluoric acid to
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
dissolve soil has resulted in lower values than results using
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
total dissolution by fusion.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time,
sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. The
3.1 A soil sample with uranium-232 tracer added is heated
chemicalyieldaveraged78 %inasinglelaboratoryevaluation,
to destroy organic matter and dissolved with a mixture of
and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
hydrofluoricacidandnitricacid.Theuraniumiscoprecipitated
with ferric hydroxide and the precipitate is dissolved with
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
hydrochloricacid.Ironisremovedbyextractionwithisopropyl
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ether, and plutonium, radium, and thorium are separated from
only.
uranium by anion exchange. Uranium is electrodeposited on a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stainless steel disk and determined by alpha spectrometry. As
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
an option, the uranium may be prepared for alpha spectromet-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ric measurement by using coprecipitation with neodymium
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fluoride.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
tionary statement is given in Section 10.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method is used to analyze soil for alpha-
3
emitting uranium isotopes. It can be used to establish baseline
2.1 ASTM Standards:
uranium levels and to monitor depositions from nuclear facili-
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
ties.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
5. Interferences
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
Test.
5.1 Protactinium-231 may not be completely separated by
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally
the procedure and could interfere with the determination of
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1000 – 05. DOI:
uranium-233 or uranium-234 because it has the following
10.1520/C1000-11.
2
Casella, V. A., Bishop, C. T., and Glosby, A. A., “Radiometric Method for the
alpha energies in MeV: 5.06, 5.03, 5.01, 4.95 and 4.73 (see
Determination of Uranium in Soil andAir,” U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency,
AppendixX1).Ifneptuniumispresentinthesampleintheplus
EPA-600/7-80-019, Las Vegas, NV, February 1980; and in Practices D3084 and
four oxidation state, it will co-elute with the uranium.
D3648.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Since uranium-232 is added as a tracer, it can not be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
determined in soil. Uranium-232 is rarely present in soil
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. samples. If present in significant quantities relative to the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1000 − 11
activity of uranium-232 tra
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1000–05 Designation:C1000–11
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by
1
Alpha Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes one
2
acceptable approach to the determination of uranium isotopes in soil.
1.2 Thetestmethodisdesignedtoanalyze10gofsoil;however,thesamplesizemaybevariedto50gdependingontheactivity
level. This test method may not be able to completely dissolve all forms of uranium in the soil matrix. Studies have indicated that
the use of hydrofluoric acid to dissolve soil has resulted in lower values than results using total dissolution by fusion.
1.3The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time, sample size, detector efficiency, background, and tracer yield. The
chemical recovery averaged 78% in a single laboratory evaluation, and 66% in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
1.4
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time, sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. The chemical
yield averaged 78 % in a single laboratory evaluation, and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Section 10.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides
C1163 Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A soil sample with uranium-232 tracer added is heated to destroy organic matter and dissolved with a mixture of
hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The uranium is coprecipitated with ferric hydroxide and the precipitate is dissolved with
hydrochloric acid. Iron is removed by extraction with isopropyl ether, and plutonium, radium, and thorium are separated from
uranium by anion exchange. Uranium is electrodeposited on a stainless steel disk and determined by alpha spectrometry. As an
option, the uranium may be prepared for alpha spectrometric measurement by using coprecipitation with neodymium fluoride.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used to analyze soil for alpha-emitting uranium isotopes. It can be used to establish baseline uranium
levels and to monitor depositions from nuclear facilities.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved JuneFeb. 1, 2005.2011. Published July 2005.February 2011. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
C1000 – 005. DOI: 10.1520/C1000-05.10.1520/C1000-11.
2
Casella, V. A., Bishop, C. T., and Glosby, A. A., “Radiometric Method for the Determination of Uranium in Soil and Air,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
EPA-600/7-80-019, Las Vegas, NV, February 1980; and in Practices D3084and D3648.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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