ASTM C401-12

Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories are produced to yield property characteristics commensurate with different end use properties. Volume stability, modulus of rupture, bulk density, and lime content have become useful measures to distinguish various alumina and alumina-silicate castable formulations for initial fitness for service. This classification is considered useful for purchase specifications and for quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories that, when tempered with water, will develop structural strength by chemical action.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2012
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C401-91(2005) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1445-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C860-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1656-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E1602-03(2017) - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C903-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C71-12(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C401 −12
Standard Classification of
1
Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Basis of Classification
4.1 Alumina and alumina silicate castable refractories that
1.1 This classification covers alumina and alumina-silicate
castable refractories that, when tempered with water, will containahydraulicsettingcementandhaveadensityofgreater
3 3
than 105 lb/ft (1.68 g/cm ) may be classified by the lime
develop structural strength by chemical action.
(CaO) content as contributed by the cement.The classifications
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
are shown in Table 1. While this standard only uses the lime
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
content as contributed by cement other sources of lime may be
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
present in the mix and may affect the performance of a
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
material.
limitations prior to use.
4.2 Refractory castables classified as conventional castable
2. Referenced Documents refractories having a modulus of rupture after drying of at least
300 psi (2.07 MPa) are normal-strength, and those having at
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
least 600 psi (4.14 MPa) modulus of rupture are high-strength
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
types. They are further classified on the basis of volume
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
stability of cast test brick when fired at the temperatures
lus of Rupture of Refractories
prescribed in Table 2.
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
4.3 Insulating Refractory Castables —This class includes
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
insulating castable refractories which are classified on the basis
Firebrick
of bulk density of dried cast test brick and volume stability of
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
such test brick when fired at the temperatures prescribed in
by Casting
Table 3.
C865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
5. Test Methods
3. Significance and Use
5.1 The properties enumerated in this classification shall be
3.1 Alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories are
determined in accordance with the following ASTM methods:
produced to yield property characteristics commensurate with
5.1.1 ModulusofRupture—Test Methods C133 on test brick
different end use properties. Volume stability, modulus of
with Practice C862, and after oven-drying in accordance with
rupture, bulk density, and lime content have become useful
the Curing of Test Specimens section of Practice C862.
measures to distinguish various alumina and alumina-silicate
Specimens should be fired as given in heating schedule of
castable formulations for initial fitness for service. This clas-
Practice C865.
sification is considered useful for purchase specifications and
5.1.2 Permanent Linear Change—Test Method C113 on
for quality control.
specimenspreparedinaccordancewithPracticeC862andfired
as given in heating schedule of Practice C865.
5.1.3 Bulk Density—Test Methods C134 on test brick pre-
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
pared and oven-dried in accordance with Practice C862 and
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92The Joseph E.
fired as given in heating schedule of Practice C865.
Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
6. Retests
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C401 – 91 (2005).
DOI: 10.1520/C0401-12.
6.1 Because of variables resulting from sampling and the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
lack of satisfactory reproducibility in tests conducted by
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
different laboratories, the material may be resampled and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. retested when requested by either the manufacturer or the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C401−12
TABLE 1 Classification of Dense Castable Refractories
Classification Lime (CaO) as
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C401–91(Reapproved 2005) Designation: C401 – 12
Standard Classification of
1
Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This classification covers alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories that, when tempered with water, will develop
structural strength by chemical action.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
C865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories are produced to yield property characteristics commensurate with
different end use properties. Volume stability, modulus of rupture, bulk density, and lime content have become useful measures to
distinguish various alumina and alumina-silicate castable formulations for initial fitness for service. This classification is
considered useful for purchase specifications and for quality control.
4. Basis of Classification
4.1 Regular Castable Refractories—This class includes alumina and alumino-silicate castable refractories which contain
hydraulic-setting cement and which have a total lime (CaO) content greater than 2.5% on a calcined basis. Under this class,
castables having a modulus of rupture after drying of at least 300 psi (2.07 MPa) are normal-strength, and those having at least
600 psi (4.14 MPa) modulus of rupture are high-strength types. They are further classified on the basis of volume stability of cast
test brick when fired at the temperatures prescribed in
4.1 Alumina and alumina silicate castable refractories that contain a hydraulic setting cement and have a density of greater than
3 3
105 lb/ft (1.68 g/cm ) may be classified by the lime (CaO) content as contributed by the cement. The classifications are shown
in Table 1.
4.2 Low-Cement Castable Refractories—This class includes alumina and alumino-silicate castable refractories which contain
hydraulic-setting cement and which have a total lime (CaO) content of greater than 1.0 to 2.5% on a calcined basis.
4.3 Ultra-Low Cement Castable Refractories—This class includes alumina and alumino-silicate castable refractories which
contain hydraulic-setting cement and which have a total lime (CaO) content of greater than 0.2 to 1.0% on a calcined basis.
4.4 No-Cement Castable Refractories—This class includes alumina and alumino-silicate castable refractories which do not
contain hydraulic-setting cement and in which the bonding agent(s) contribute no significant amount of lime (CaO). The product
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92, C08.92 The Joseph E.
Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification.
Current edition approved Dec.March 1, 2005.2012. Published January 2006.April 2012. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
C401 – 91 (2000).(2005). DOI: 10.1520/C0401-91R05.10.1520/C0401-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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