ASTM D6255/D6255M-05(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable, slotted angle metal crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments. This specification includes metal crates in a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance, but does not address their performance under al atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Type I are open crates, while Type II are fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid material. On the other hand, Class 1 are used for outside or indeterminate storage, while Class 2 are for inside or protected storage. And finally, Style A are furnished without skids or rubbing strips, while Style B are furnished with skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips and provisions for forklift truck handling. Details regarding the manufacture and construction requirements are itemized thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceeding 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments.
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6255/D6255M −05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6255/D6255M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of
A109/A109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25
new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as
Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight
A123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)
airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceed-
Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
ing 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface
A924/A924M Specification for General Requirements for
shipments.
Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes,
Sheet and Plate
and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate Iron and Steel
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and
ments
storage conditions.
D1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques
Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests
are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting pack-
of Full-Size Specimens
aging systems shall be of equal or better performance than
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
would result from the use of these specified materials and
D3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
PracticeD4169canbeusedtodevelopcomparativeprocedures
tainers and Systems
and criteria.
D4727/D4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fi-
berboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
D6199 Practice for Quality ofWood Members of Containers
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
and Pallets
are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
Staples
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
2.2 Federal Specifications:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
TT-W-572 Wood Preservative: Water-Repellent
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro-
PS1-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping the ASTM website.
Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures. Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally 8100, 480 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6255/D6255M – 05. Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
DOI: 10.1520/D6255_D6255M-05R11. Bureau Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6255/D6255M−05 (2011)
2.4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 5.1.7 Special features (see 7.9).
Standards: 5.1.8 Marking panel size (see 7.10.1).
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)
5.1.9 Whether crates are to be shipped assembled or disas-
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series) sembled (see 8.1).
B18.2.3.5M Metric Hex Bolts
5.1.10 Bolt and nut quantities required (see 6.1.2).
B18.2.4.1M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 1
5.1.11 If self-locking nuts are required (see 6.1.2).
B18.2.4.2M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2
5.1.12 Whether other construction methods or techniques
B18.5 Round Head Bolts (Inch Series)
are acceptable and permitted (see 1.3).
B18.5.2.2M Metric Round Head Square Neck Bolts
5.1.12.1 Whether proof that other construction methods or
2.5 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association:
techniques are acceptable (see 1.3) is required.
HPVA HP-1-1994 Hardwood and Decorative Plywood
5.1.13 All wood packaging materials must be ISPM Publi-
2.6 National Motor Freight Traffıc Association:
cation 15 compliant.
National Motor Freight Classification
2.7 Uniform Classification Committee Standard:
6. Materials and Manufacture
Uniform Freight Classification
6.1 Materials—It is encouraged that recycled material be
2.8 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Standard:
used when practical. All recovered, recycled, or virgin mate-
Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual
rials used in crate manufacture shall meet the requirements of
2.9 International Standards
this specification and referenced documents. In addition, ma-
ISPM Publication #15
terials shall not affect or be affected by the product being
packed.
3. Terminology
6.1.1 Slotted Metal Angle—Slotted metal angle shall con-
3.1 Definitions— General definitions for packaging and
form to the Supplemental Requirements of this specification.
distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
6.1.1.1 Slotted Angle Surface Finish—Steel for Class 1
crates shall have a Class 3 surface finish (S4.7.1.3) applied.
4. Classification
Steel for Class 2 crates shall have a Class 1 or 2 surface finish
4.1 Type:
(S4.7.1.1 or S4.7.1.2) applied. Aluminum slotted angle shall
4.1.1 Type I—Open.
require no additional finish.
4.1.2 Type II—Fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid mate-
6.1.2 Nuts and Bolts— Nuts and bolts used to assemble the
rial.
slotted angle shall be of hardened steel and zinc plated after
machining. All other bolts and nuts shall be zinc-coated and
4.2 Class:
conform to ASME B18.5 (B18.5.2.2M) or B18.2.1
4.2.1 Class 1—Outside or indeterminate storage.
(B18.2.3.5M), for bolts; and, B18.2.2 (B18.2.4.1M), for nuts.
4.2.2 Class 2—Inside or protected storage.
6.1.2.1 The slotted angle bolts shall be minimum ⁄16-in.
4.3 Style:
[8-mm] shank diameter, ⁄8-in. [16-mm] length for Types I, II,
4.3.1 Style A—Without skids or rubbing strips.
3 9
and IV, and ⁄4-in. for Type III and ⁄16-in. [14-mm] hexagon
4.3.2 Style B—With skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips
head. Bolts shall have an unthreaded load bearing shoulder to
and provisions for forklift truck handling.
prevent shearing action on the threads. Bolts shall conform to
ASME B18.2.1 (B18.2.3.5M).
5. Ordering Information
6.1.2.2 The slotted angle nuts shall be prevailing torque,
5.1 Purchasers should select the preferred permitted options
hexagon, self-locking, to prevent loosening after extended
and include the following information in procurement docu-
storage/handling and vibration during shipment. The ⁄16-in.
ments:
[8-mm] nuts shall be 0.551 to 0.564-in. [13.99 to 14.33-mm]
5.1.1 Specification title, number, and date.
acrosstheflats(width).Othersizenutsshallbe ⁄16in.[14mm]
5.1.2 Crate type, class, and style (see Section 4).
across the hexagon flats. Nuts shall conform toASME B18.2.2
5.1.3 Box inside dimensions specified in order of length by
(B18.2.4.2M).
width by depth.
6.1.3 Strapping—Steel strapping used for banding or ten-
5.1.4 Whether sanded plywood is required (see 6.1.5).
sion braces shall conform to Practice D3953, Type I, zinc-
5.1.5 Type sheathing required (see 7.6.1).
coated.
5.1.6 Whether full-length skids are required (see 7.7.3.2).
6.1.4 Wood Members—Wood used for skids, rubbing strips,
load-bearing members, blocking and bracing, and all other
Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th wooden components shall conform to the applicable Practice
St., New York, NY 10017; American National Standard (ANSI) adopted.
D6199, Group II, III or IV woods structural class and shall
Available from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, P.O. Box 2789,
conform to commercial standards in accordance with Practice
Reston, VA 22090–0789; American National Standards Institute (ANSI) adopted.
D1990.
Available from National Motor Freight TrafficAssociation,American Trucking
Associations, 2200 Mill Road, Alexandria, VA 22314.
6.1.5 Plywood—PlywoodforClass1cratesshallconformto
Available from the Uniform Classification Committee, Tariff Publishing
ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994, Type I, Grade 3-4; NIST PS1-95,
Officer, 151 Ellis St., N.E., Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30335.
Interior with Exterior Glue; or, NIST PS1-95, Exterior, Grade
Available from the American Iron and Steel Institute, ATTN: Publication
Orders, P.O. Box 4327, Chestertown, MD 21690. C-C. Plywood for Class 2 crates shall conform toANSI/HPVA
D6255/D6255M−05 (2011)
A
TABLE 1 Slotted Angle Steel Beam Load Capacity
HP-1-1994, Type II, Grade 3-4; or, NIST PS1-95, Interior,
Slotted Angle Steel
Grade C-D. Plywood shall have no defects (knot holes, worm
12-Gage, 0.105-in. [2.7-mm]
holes, etc.) extending through the panel. Unless otherwise
1 ⁄2 by 3-in.
specified, plywood shall be finished unsanded (see 5.1.4). [38 by 76-mm]
Beam Length ft [mm]
6.1.6 Wood Preservative—Wood or plywood components
shall be treated in accordance withTT-W-572, or a commercial
[600] [900] [1200] [1500] [1800]
equivalent.
Recommended Load 1450 980 740 500 350
6.1.7 Fiberboard—Fiberboard used for sheathing shall con-
lb [kg] [658] [445] [336] [227] [159]
form to Specification D4727/D4727M, Type SF,
Recommended Load 4500 3100 2100 1200 1000
Class–Weather-Resistant, Grades V2s, V3s, or V4s.
lb [kg] [2041] [1406] [953] [544] [454]
6.1.8 Sheet Steel— Steel used for marking panels shall
conform to Specification A109/A109M.
Recommended Load 10400 7500 5300 4350 3500
6.1.9 Nails—Nails used to secure top sheathing shall be lb [kg] [4717] [3402] [2404] [1973] [1588]
cement-coated or chemically-etched common or box nails
Recommended Load 1550 1000 760 580 490
conforming to Specification F1667.
lb [kg] [703] [454] [345] [263] [222]
Slotted Angle Steel
7. Construction
14-Gage, 0.075-in. [1.9-mm]
1 1
7.1 Slotted Angle Member Selection—Slotted angle selec- 1 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄4-in.
[38 by 57-mm]
tion shall be based on crate size and load weight. Tables 1-3
Beam Length ft [mm]
shall be used as a guide for slotted angle selection.
[600] [900] [1200] [1500] [1800]
7.2 Member Splicing—Steel or aluminum components shall
Recommended Load 1260 850 610 400 200
be continuous lengths. When splicing is necessary, four bolts
lb [kg] [572] [386] [277] [181] [91]
(minimum) shall be used to secure a lap splice and eight bolts
(minimum) shall be used to secure a butt splice, as shown in
Recommended Load 2400 1700 1150 820 625
lb [kg] [1089] [771] [522] [372] [284]
Fig. 1.
7.3 Cutting Slotted Angle:
Recommended Load 5190 3350 2700 2100 1700
lb [kg] [2354] [1520] [1225] [953] [771]
7.3.1 All Members— Members shall be cut at 3-in. [76-mm]
increments to utilize the slot and hole pattern properly. After
Recommended Load 800 510 390 300 250
cutting, members shall be trimmed to the required length.
lb [kg] [363] [231] [177] [136] [113]
7.3.2 Diagonal Members— When cutting of diagonals is
Slotted Angle Steel
required, the wide flange of the angle can be cut on a miter to
14-Gage, 0.075-in. [1.9-mm]
provide maximum contact area and positive bolting locations.
1 1
1 ⁄2 by 1 ⁄2-in.
[38 by 38-mm]
7.4 Construction— One slotted metal angle crate shall have
Beam Length ft [mm]
six faces (two sides, two ends, one top, and one base). Each
face shall be rectangular in shape and consist of one or more [900] [1200] [1500] [1800]
panels. A panel is an area bounded by slotted metal angle
Recommended Load 495 270 190 145
lb [kg] [225] [123] [86] [66]
members. Normally, the sides are constructed and the ends,
top, and base are used to hold the sides together.
Recommended Load 590 395 295 190
7.4.1 Assembly—Slotted metal angle shall be assembled
lb [kg] [268] [179] [134] [86]
with bolts of the same diameter for which the slotted metal
angle was intended or designed. Bolts and nuts shall be drawn Recommended Load 1335 1035 690 540
lb [kg] [606] [470] [313] [245]
tight to secure against loosening. Bolts and nuts shall be as
specified in 6.1.2. A
Table 1 is usable for slotted angle steel with flange dimensions that are ± ⁄8 in.
[±3 mm] the flange sizes stated.
7.4.2 Braces—All panels shall have either diagonal braces
or steel strapping braces for support.
7.4.2.1 Diagonal Braces— Diagonal brace placement is
shown in Fig. 2. All diagonal braces shall be installed to 7.4.2.4 Steel Strapping Braces—Flat steel strapping placed
maximize utilization of the round holes in the metal angle.
intensioninfullcrossor“X”braces(Fig.3)maybeusedwhen
7.4.2.2 Full Diagonal Braces—Full diagonal braces shall vertical frame or other crate members interfere with diagonal
extend from one corner diagonally across to the other corner of
brace placement, or when it is determined that this type of
the panel being braced.The braces shall be installed as close as bracing meets minimum bracing requirements. Steel strapping
possibletotheangleapexandshallbesecuredateachendwith
shall not be less than 1 ⁄4-in. [32-mm] wide by 0.032-in.
one bolt (minimum). [0.8-mm] thick and shall comply with 6.1.3. The bolt holes in
7.4.2.3 Short or Corner Braces—Short or corner braces the strapping shall be drilled or die punched and shall be no
shall be placed in each panel corner being braced and secured larger than requ
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