ASTM D6160-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides sufficient PCB data for many regulatory requirements. While the most common regulatory level is 50 ppm (dry weight corrected), lower limits are used in some locations. Since sensitivities will vary for different types of samples, one shall demonstrate a sufficient method detection limit for the matrix of interest.
5.2 This test method differs from Test Method D4059 in that it provides for more sample clean-up options, utilizes a capillary column for better pattern recognition and interference discrimination, and includes both a qualitative screening and a quantitative results option.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers a two-tiered analytical approach to PCB screening and quantitation of liquid and solid wastes, such as oils, sludges, aqueous solutions, and other waste matrices.
1.2 Tier I is designed to screen samples rapidly for the presence of PCBs.
1.3 Tier II is used to determine the concentration of PCBs, typically in the range of from 2 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg. PCB concentrations greater than 50 mg/kg are determined through analysis of sample dilutions.
1.4 This is a pattern recognition approach, which does not take into account individual congeners that might occur, such as in reaction by-products. This test method describes the use of Aroclors3 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and 1268, as reference standards, but others could also be included. Aroclors 1016 and 1242 have similar capillary gas chromatography (GC) patterns. Interferences or weathering are especially problematic with Aroclors 1016, 1232, and 1242 and may make distinction between the three difficult.
1.5 This test method provides sample clean up and instrumental conditions necessary for the determination of Aroclors. Gas chromatography (GC) using capillary column separation technique and electron capture detector (ECD) are described. Other detectors, such as atomic emission detector (AED) and mass spectrometry (MS), may be used if sufficient performance (for example, sensitivity) is demonstrated. Further details about the use of GC and ECD are provided in Practices E355, E697, and E1510.
1.6 Quantitative results are reported on the dry weights of waste samples.
1.7 Quantification limits will vary depending on the type of waste stream being analyzed.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6160 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste
1
Materials by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 Quantitative results are reported on the dry weights of
2 waste samples.
1.1 This test method covers a two-tiered analytical ap-
proach to PCB screening and quantitation of liquid and solid
1.7 Quantification limits will vary depending on the type of
wastes, such as oils, sludges, aqueous solutions, and other
waste stream being analyzed.
waste matrices.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.2 Tier I is designed to screen samples rapidly for the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
presence of PCBs.
standard.
1.3 Tier II is used to determine the concentration of PCBs,
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
typically in the range of from 2 mg⁄kg to 50 mg⁄kg. PCB
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
concentrations greater than 50 mg/kg are determined through
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
analysis of sample dilutions.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.4 This is a pattern recognition approach, which does not
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
take into account individual congeners that might occur, such
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
as in reaction by-products. This test method describes the use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
ofAroclors 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and 1268, as reference standards, but others could also be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
included. Aroclors 1016 and 1242 have similar capillary gas
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
chromatography (GC) patterns. Interferences or weathering are
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
especiallyproblematicwithAroclors1016,1232,and1242and
may make distinction between the three difficult.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This test method provides sample clean up and instru-
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mental conditions necessary for the determination ofAroclors.
D4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphe-
Gas chromatography (GC) using capillary column separation
nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
technique and electron capture detector (ECD) are described.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Other detectors, such as atomic emission detector (AED) and
Fuels, and Lubricants
massspectrometry(MS),maybeusedifsufficientperformance
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
(forexample,sensitivity)isdemonstrated.Furtherdetailsabout
Titration
the use of GC and ECD are provided in Practices E355, E697,
E288 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks
and E1510.
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
ships
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
E697 Practice for Use of Electron-Capture Detectors in Gas
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Chromatography
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
E969 Specification for Glass Volumetric (Transfer) Pipets
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6160 – 98 (2017).
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
DOI: 10.1520/D6160-21.
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
2
This test method is based largely on EPA8080 (and the proposed modification
for the use of capillary columns, EPA 8081) and EPA Report 600/4–81–045 by
Bellar, T. and J. Lichtenberg, reported in 1981. The report is titled, “The
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Fluid and Waste Oils,”
4
and provides significant support to the protocol in this standard. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
Aroclor Standards may be purchased as 1000 µg/mL in isooctane. Aroclor is a contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
registered trademark of the Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, Standards volume information, refer t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6160 − 98 (Reapproved 2017) D6160 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste
1
Materials by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
2
1.1 This test method covers a two-tiered analytical approach to PCB screening and quantitation of liquid and solid wastes, such
as oils, sludges, aqueous solutions, and other waste matrices.
1.2 Tier I is designed to screen samples rapidly for the presence of PCBs.
1.3 Tier II is used to determine the concentration of PCBs, typically in the range of from 2 mg ⁄kg to 50 mg ⁄kg. PCB
concentrations greater than 50 mg/kg are determined through analysis of sample dilutions.
1.4 This is a pattern recognition approach, which does not take into account individual congeners that might occur, such as in
3
reaction by-products. This test method describes the use of Aroclors 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and 1268,
as reference standards, but others could also be included. Aroclors 1016 and 1242 have similar capillary gas chromatography (GC)
patterns. Interferences or weathering are especially problematic with Aroclors 1016, 1232, and 1242 and may make distinction
between the three difficult.
1.5 This test method provides sample clean up and instrumental conditions necessary for the determination of Aroclors. Gas
chromatography (GC) using capillary column separation technique and electron capture detector (ECD) are described. Other
detectors, such as atomic emission detector (AED) and mass spectrometry (MS), may be used if sufficient performance (for
example, sensitivity) is demonstrated. Further details about the use of GC and ECD are provided in Practices E355, E697, and
E1510.
1.6 Quantitative results are reported on the dry weights of waste samples.
1.7 Quantification limits will vary depending on the type of waste stream being analyzed.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2021. Published November 2017December 2021. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20132017
as D6160 – 98 (2013).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/D6160-98R17.10.1520/D6160-21.
2
This test method is based largely on EPA 8080 (and the proposed modification for the use of capillary columns, EPA 8081) and EPA Report 600/4–81–045 by Bellar,
T. and J. Lichtenberg, reported in 1981. The report is titled, “The Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Fluid and Waste Oils,” and provides significant
support to the protocol in this standard.
3
Aroclor Standards may be purchased as 1000 μg/mL in isooctane. Aroclor is a registered trademark of the Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO
63167.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6160 − 21
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
E288 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volume
...
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