ASTM F855-97e1

Standard Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds to Be Used on De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment

SCOPE
1.1 These specifications cover the equipment making up the temporary grounding system used on de-energized electric power lines, electric supply stations, and equipment.
1.2 It is common practice for the users of protective grounding equipment to prepare complete instructions and regulations to govern in detail the correct use and maintenance of such equipment.  
1.3 The use and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of these specifications.  
1.4 These specifications for a system of protective grounding utilizing copper cables are covered in four parts, as follows:  Sections Clamps for Temporary Grounding Jumpers 4 to 16 Ferrules for Temporary Grounding Jumpers 17 to 30 Cables for Temporary Grounding Jumpers 31 to 39 Jumpers (complete assembly of clamps, ferrules, and cable) 40 to 53
1.5 Each of the four parts is an entity of itself if desired, but is listed as a part of the system for completeness and clarification.  
1.6 The values stated in Newton-Meter units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are the inch-pound units.  
1.7 Currents presented in Tables 1 and 3 are based upon cable melting times, as determined from equations by I.M. Onderdonk. See Appendix X3.  
1.7.1 Currents presented in Table 5 were determined by use of EPRI Project RP2446 Computer Program RTGC "A Desktop Computer Program for Calculating Rating of Temporary Grounding Cables".  
1.7.2 See Appendix X3 for a discussion of these values.  
1.8 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portions, Sections 12 and 25 of these specifications: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 32.2.3.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 20-Dec-1999
• ICS: 29.120.50 - Fuses and other overcurrent protection devices
• Technical Committee: F18 - Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers
• Drafting Committee: F18.45 - Mechanical Apparatus

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F855-03 - Standard Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds to Be Used on De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F2715-19 - Standard Specification for Temporary Protective Equipotential Bond Mat To Be Used on De-Energized Equipment
• Effective Date: 21-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F2249-23 - Standard Specification for In-Service Test Methods for Temporary Grounding Jumper Assemblies Used on De-Energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment
• Effective Date: 21-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: F 855 – 97
Standard Specifications for
Temporary Protective Grounds to Be Used on De-energized
Electric Power Lines and Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in February 2000.
1. Scope concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
1.1 These specifications cover the equipment making up the
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
temporary grounding system used on de-energized electric
limitations prior to use.
power lines, electric supply stations, and equipment.
1.2 It is common practice for the users of protective
2. Referenced Documents
grounding equipment to prepare complete instructions and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
regulations to govern in detail the correct use and maintenance
B 172 Specification for Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Con-
of such equipment.
ductors Having Bunch-Stranded Members, for Electrical
1.3 The uses and maintenance of this equipment are beyond
Conductors
the scope of these specifications.
B 173 Specification for Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Con-
1.4 These specifications for a system of protective ground-
ductors Having Concentric-Stranded Members, for Elec-
ing utilizing copper cables are covered in four parts, as follows:
trical Conductors
B 263 Test Method for Determination of Cross-Sectional
Sections
Area of Stranded Conductors
Clamps for Temporary Protective Grounds 4-16
Ferrules for Temporary Protective Grounds 17-30
D 470 Test Methods for Cross-linked Insulations and Jack-
Cables for Temporary Protective Grounds 31-39 3
ets for Wire and Cable
Protective Grounds (Complete Assembly With Clamps, Ferrules, 40-52
D 753 Specification for General-Purpose Polychloroprene
and Cable)
Jacket for Wire and Cable
1.5 Each of the four parts is an entity of itself, but is listed
D 2219 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Insulation
as a part of the system for completeness and clarification.
for Wire and Cable, 60 Operation
1.6 The values stated in Newton-Meter units are to be
D 2633 Methods of Testing Thermoplastic Insulations and
regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are the
Jackets for Wire and Cable
inch-pound units.
D 2768 Specification for General-Purpose Ethylene Propy-
1.7 Currents presented in Table 1 and Table 2 are based
lene Rubber Jacket for Wire and Cable
upon cable melting times, as determined from equations by I.
D 2770 Specification for Ozone-Resisting Ethylene Propy-
M. Onderdonk. See Appendix X3.
lene Rubber Integral Insulation and Jacket for Wire and
1.7.1 Currents presented in Table 3 were determined by use
Cable
of EPRI Project RP2446 Computer Program RTGC “A Desk-
E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
top Computer Program for Calculating Rating of Temporary
E 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
Grounding Cables”.
(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
1.7.2 See Appendix X3 and Appendix X4 for a discussion of
2.2 ANSI Standard:
these values.
C 37.09 Standard Test Procedure for AC High-Voltage
1.8 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test
Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Basis
method portions, Sections 12 and 25 of these specifications:
2.3 ICEA/NEMA Standard:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03.
1 3
These specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-18 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Subcommittee F18.45 on Mechanical Apparatus. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published February 1999. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
published as F 855 – 83. Last previous edition F 855 – 96. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 855
TABLE 1 Protective Ground Clamp Ratings
Grounding Clamp Torque
A
Short Circuit Properties
Strength, min
Minimum Ca-
CD
Withstand Rating, Symmetrical Ultimate Rating/Capacity, Symmetrical Continuous
ble Size with
B
Yield Ultimate kA kA Current
Ferrule In-
Grade RMS, 60 Hz RMS, 60 Hz Rating, A
stalled Equal
RMS, 60
15 30 or Larger
Hz
15 30 cycles 60 Maximum
Copper Cable 6 cycles cycles cycles Than
lbf·in. n·m lbf·in. n·m cycles (500 cycles Copper Test
Size (100 ms) (250 (500
(250 ms) ms) (1 s) Cable Size
ms) ms)
1 280 32 330 37 14 10 #2 29 18 13 9 2/0 200 #2
2 280 32 330 37 21 15 1/0 47 29 21 14 4/0 250 1/0
3 280 32 330 37 27 20 2/0 58 37 26 18 4/0 300 2/0
4 330 37 400 45 34 25 3/0 74 47 33 23 250 kcmil 350 3/0
5 330 37 400 45 43 30 4/0 94 59 42 29 250 kcmil 400 4/0
6 330 37 400 45 54 39 250 kcmil or 111 70 49 35 350 kcmil 450 250 kcmil
2 2/0 or 2 2/0
7 330 37 400 45 74 54 350 kcmil or 155 98 69 48 550 kcmil 550 350 kcmil
2 4/0 or 2 4/0
A
Withstand and ultimate short circuit properties are based on performance with surges not exceeding 20 % asymmetry factor (see 9.1 and 12.3.4.2).
B
Yield shall mean no permanent deformation such that the clamp cannot be reused throughout its entire range of application.
C
Ultimate rating represents a symmetrical current which the clamp shall carry for the specified time.
D
Ultimate values are based upon application of Onderdonk’s equation to 98 % of nominal circular mil area allowed by Specifications B 172 and B 173.
TABLE 2 Protective Ground Cable Ferrule, and Assembly Ratings
A
Short Circuit Properties —Symmetrical kA RMS 60 Hz
Continuous Cur-
B,C
Withstand Rating Ultimate Rating/Capacity
Grade Cable Size rent Rating, RMS
15 cycles 30 cycles 6 cycles 15 cycles 30 cycles 60 cycles 60 Hz
(250 ms) (500 ms) (100 ms) (250 ms) (500 ms) (1 s)
1 2 14 10 28 18 13 9 200
2 1/0 21 15 47 29 21 14 250
3 2/0 27 20 59 37 26 18 300
4 3/0 34 25 74 47 33 23 350
5 4/0 43 30 94 59 42 29 400
6 250 kcmil 54 39 111 70 49 35 450
7 350 kcmil 74 54 155 98 69 49 550
A
Withstand and ultimate short circuit properties are based on performance with surges not exceeding 20 % asymmetry factor (see 9.1 and 12.3.4.2).
B
Ultimate rating represents a symmetrical current which the ferrule shall carry for the time specified.
C
Ultimate value based upon application of Onderdonk’s equation to 98 % of nominal circular mil area allowed by Specifications B 172 and B 173.
ICEA S-19-81/NEMA WC 80 (R 1986) Rubber Insulated purposes of potential equalization and to conduct a short circuit
Wire and Cable for the Transmission and Distribution of current for a specified duration (time).
Electrical Energy 3.1.4 time to failure—failure time of the cable is the time
2.4 IEC Standard: between the initiation of current flow and the instant at which
IEC 1230 Portable Equipment for Earthing or Earthing and arcing begins.
Short-Circuiting (currently under review) 3.1.5 ultimate capacity—this represents a current which it is
calculated the component is capable of conducting for the
3. Terminology
specified time. It is expected that component damage may
result. The component shall not be reused, except in test
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
situations.
3.1.1 continuous current rating—designated RMS current
3.1.6 withstand rating—this represents a near symmetrical
which can be carried continuously under specified conditions.
current which shall be conducted without any component being
3.1.2 protective ground assembly—a temporary electrical
damaged sufficiently to prevent being operable and reusable.
connection between a source of potential energization and the
The protective ground shall be capable of passing a second test
earth, rated for the maximum anticipated fault current or
at this current after being cooled to ambient temperature.
continuous induced current, or both.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Throughout this specification, kc
CLAMPS FOR TEMPORARY PROTECTIVE
mil 5 1000 circular mils.
GROUNDS
3.1.3 protective grounding equipment—devices installed
temporarily on de-energized electric power circuits for the
4. Scope
4.1 This specification covers clamps used with ferrules and
elastomer or thermoplastic covered flexible cable in the manu-
Available from Insulated Cable Engineers Assoc., P.O. Box P, South Yarmouth,
facture of protective grounds installed temporarily for protec-
MA 02664.
Available from IEC. tive grounding of de-energized circuits.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 855
TABLE 3 Ultimate Current Carrying Capabilities of Copper Grounding Cable Derived from EPRI RP2446
TABLE 3a Worst Case: X/R 5 40; DC Offset 5 92 %, Kiloamperes, Asymmetrical, RMS, 60 Hz
Continuous Current
Copper Grounding Nominal Cross 6 Cycles 15 Cycles 30 Cycles 45 Cycles 60 Cycles
Rating, RMS, 60
Cable Size, AWG Section, mm (100 ms) (250 ms) (500 ms) (750 ms) (1 s)
Hz
#2 33.63 23 17 13 11 9 200
1/0 53.48 36 26 20 17 15 250
2/0 67.42 46 33 26 21 19 300
3/0 85.03 57 42 32 27 24 350
4/0 107.2 72 53 41 34 30 400
250 kcmil 126.65 86 63 48 40 35 450
350 kcmil 177.36 120 88 67 56 50 550
Table 3b Midrange: X/R 5 10; DC Offset 5 74 %, Kiloamperes, Asymmetrical, RMS, 60 Hz
Continuous Current
Copper Grounding Nominal Cross 6 Cycles 15 Cycles 30 Cycles 45 Cycles 60 Cycles
Rating, RMS, 60
Cable Size, AWG Section, mm (100 ms) (250 ms) (500 ms) (750 ms) (1 s)
Hz
#2 33.63 28 19 14 11 10 200
1/0 53.48 44 30 22 18 16 250
2/0 67.42 57 38 27 23 20 300
3/0 85.03 71 48 35 28 25 350
4/0 107.2 89 60 44 36 31 400
250 kcmil 126.65 105 71 51 42 37 450
350 kcmil 177.36 147 100 72 59 52 550
Table 3c Best Case: X/R 5 0; DC Offset 5 0 %, Kiloamperes, Asymmetrical, RMS, 60 Hz
Continuous Current
Copper Grounding Nominal Cross 6 Cycles 15 Cycles 30 Cycles 45 Cycles 60 Cycles
Rating, RMS, 60
Cable Size, AWG Section, mm (100 ms) (250 ms) (500 ms) (750 ms) (1 s)
Hz
#2 33.63 31 20 14 11 10 200
1/0 53.48 50 32 22 18 16 250
2/0 67.42 63 40 28 23 20 300
3/0 85.03 79 50 35 29 25 350
4/0 107.2 100 63 45 36 32 400
250 kcmil 126.65 118 75 53 43 37 450
350 kcmil 177.36 165 104 74 60 52 550
5. Classification 6. Sizes
6.1 Clamp size is the combination of the main contact and
5.1 Clamps are furnished in, but not limited to, three types
cable size ranges as listed by the manufacturers. It should be
according to their function and method of installation, as
noted that the main contact may connect to a cable or bus bar
follows:
or be used at the “ground end” to connect to a variety of
5.1.1 Type I—Clamps for installation on de-energized con-
conductive grounded objects.
ductors equipped with eyes for installation with removable hot
sticks.
7. Ordering Information
5.1.2 Type II—Clamps for installation on de-energized con-
7.1 Orders for clamps under this specification shall include
ductors having permanently mounted hot sticks.
this ASTM designation and the following information:
5.1.3 Type III—Clamps for installation on permanently
7.1.1 Quantity,
grounded conductors or metal structures with tee handles, and
7.1.2 Name (grounding clamp),
eyes or square or hexagon head screw(s), or both.
7.1.3 Main contact size ranges, conductor descriptions, and
5.1.4 Other types of special clamps, such as those for cluster
materials which are to be clamped by main contact,
grounds or for underground equipment grounding, may be
7.1.4 Cable size, material, and description by which clamps
made, tested, and certified by the manufacturer as meeting the
are to be assembled,
requirements of this specification.
7.1.5 Type (see 5.1),
5.2 Clamps are furnished in grades according to mechanical
7.1.6 Grade (see 5.2 and Table 1),
strengths, short circuit capabilities, and duration of faults, as
7.1.7 Class (see 5.3), and
indicated in Table 1.
7.1.8 Asymmetrical current or other supplementary require-
5.3 Clamps are furnished in two classes according to the
ments, if applicable. (See Supplementary Requirements S1 to
characteristics of the main contact jaws:
S10 for styles and designs.)
5.3.1 Class A—Clamp jaws with smooth contact surfaces.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 100 Grounding
5.3.2 Class B—Clamp jaws with serrations, or cross hatch-
Clamps, Main contact range #2 to 350 kcmil for 2/0 Copper flexible
ing, or other means intended to abrade or bite through
grounding cable, ASTM F855, Type 1, Grade 2, Class A, Design C, Style
corrosion products on the surfaces of the conductor being
7, or X/R maximum, in addition to the grade designation.
clamped. NOTE 2—It is expected that manufacturers will publish catalog data
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 855
conforming to this specification that will combine the requirements of
9.1.1.2 Clamps with an ultimate torque strength exceeding
7.1.2-7.1.8 in a single product number. With that system, a typical order
45 N·m (400 lbf·in.) are exempt from the provisions of 9.1.1.1.
description is: 100 (Smith Manufacturing Co. Product No. XXXX)
9.1.2 Resistance from the main contact to the attached cable
grounding clamps ASTM F855, Grade 2.
contact shall be less than that for an equal length of maximum
8. Materials
size cable(s) for which the clamp is rated.
8.1 Current carrying parts made of copper base or aluminum
9.1.3 Main contacts shall accept and clamp all conductors or
base alloy shall have the following material properties in
structural members in accordance with the manufacturer’s
accordance with Test Methods E 8:
rating.
9.1.4 Clamp shall accept hand assembly of all cables fitted
Copper Base Alloy Aluminum Base Alloy
with compatible ferrules as rated by the manufacturer (see
Tensile strength, min 207 MPa (30 000 psi) 207 MPa (30 000 psi)
Table 2 and Table 4).
Yield strength, min 90 MPa (13 000 psi) 138 MPa (20 000 psi)
Elongation, min 6 % 3 %
9.1.5 Cable termination shall include a cable support or
shall be made to accept a cable supporting ferrule, availab
...