ASTM D4504-94(2018)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance requirements and test methods for molded polyethylene open-head, self-supporting, and nonreusable pails used in packaging and transporting nonhazardous goods. The products for packaging in the open-head pails may be in liquid, solid, past, granular, or powder form. Each pail is classified as either pails for liquids or pails for nonliquids. Materials for the manufacture of the pails should be compatible with the intended contents. Carbon black or other suitable pigments may be used for ultraviolet protection if needed. Each pail should conform to the required values of capacity, closure, drop strength, stacking strength, amount of column stack vibratioin, compatibility permeation, resistance to environmental stress cracking, and other special requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the packaging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials) shall be in accordance with and tested to United States Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49, Parts (100–199).
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish performance requirements and test methods for molded open-head polyethylene pails.
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are left to the discretion of the supplier, within the allowable limits of regulatory and performance requirements.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test method portions, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4504 −94 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial
Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the pack-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
aging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to
ity)
have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials)
ments
shall be in accordance with and tested to United States
D999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations
tainers
(CFR) Title 49, Parts (100–199).
D1972Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
(Withdrawn 2014)
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish perfor-
D1975Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resis-
mance requirements and test methods for molded open-head
tance of Plastic Injection Molded Open Head Pails
polyethylene pails.
D4577Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are
tainer Under Constant Load
lefttothediscretionofthesupplier,withintheallowablelimits D5276Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
of regulatory and performance requirements.
Free Fall
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.2 Other Documents:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC)
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Uniform Freight Classification (UFC)
and are not considered standard.
Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Parts 100–199 (CFR
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test 49)
method portions, Section 10, of this specification: This stan-
3. Terminology
dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
specification, see Terminology D996.
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 open-head pail—a pail with a full-diameter unre-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
stricted opening at the top, and designed to be carried by hand.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. (NMFTA),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on 1001 N. Fairfax St., Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314, http://www.nmfta.org.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Available from National Railroad Freight Committee, Suite 1120, 222 South
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4504–94 (2011). 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
DOI: 10.1520/D4504-94R18. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4504 − 94 (2018)
The pail body is usually of a tapered design to provide for 7. Other Requirements
nesting of pails during transportation and storage, prior to
7.1 The pail shall show good workmanship such as absence
filling of contents. After filling of contents, the pail lid is
of flashing, dents, and scratched surfaces.
applied to the pail body, providing a sealed container for
7.2 Capacity—Pails covered by this specification shall be
storage and shipment of the contents. The pail lid may also
rangeinrated(marked)capacityfrom1to7gal(3.8to26.5L).
have openings or fitments to allow for dispensing of contents
Minimum actual liquid capacity shall not be less than rated
without removing the lid. These openings are sealed with
capacity plus 4%, and maximum actual capacity shall not be
closures.
greaterthan4%aboveratedcapacityplusonequart,measured
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The definition for open-head pail for
with cover attached and contents and pail at 73.4 6 5°F (23.8
hazardous materials differs (see Section 49 CFR Parts 100 to
6 3°C).
199).
7.3 Closure—The closure for the pail (when used) shall be
4. Classification
in compliance with carrier regulatory requirements and shall
ensureprotectionofcontentsfromleakage,easeofclosure,and
4.1 Products to be packaged in open-head pails may be
removal.Gaskets,whenusedwiththeclosure,andtheclosure,
liquid (Note 1), solid, paste, granular, or powder form.
shall be compatible with the intended contents.
NOTE 1—For the purpose of establishing test requirements, a liquid is
7.4 Drop Strength— The pails shall show no evidence of
heredefinedashavingaviscosityoflessthan5.0Pa.Satatemperatureof
73.46 3.6°F (23 6 2°C), using the method described in Test Method
rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
D445.
10.2.1.
4.2 Molded polyethylene open-head pails are classified as
7.5 Stacking Strength—Two vertically stacked pails shall
follows:
withstand testing without sidewall buckling sufficient to cause
4.2.1 Pails for liquids.
damage and shall have a total top-to-bottom deflection of both
4.2.2 Pails for nonliquids.
pails of not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm), when tested in
accordance with 10.2.2. In addition, there shall be no evidence
5. Ordering Information
of leakage or sifting of contents from the pail when tested in
5.1 A summary of ordering requirements, detailed in other
accordance with 10.2.2.2.
sections of this specification include the following:
7.6 Vibration (Stack)—The pails shall show no evidence of
5.1.1 Materials of construction (see Section 6).
rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
5.1.2 Ultraviolet protection (see 6.2).
10.2.3.
5.1.3 Other materials not specifically covered in this speci-
7.7 Repetitive Shock Test (Optional)—The pails shall show
fication (see 6.3 and 6.4).
no evidence of rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in
5.1.4 Pail capacity (see 7.2).
accordance with 10.2.4.
5.1.5 Closure requirements, including tamper evident fea-
ture (see 7.3).
7.8 Compatibility, Permeation—The pail shall perform sat-
5.1.6 Provisions for handling.
isfactorily when tested in accordance with 10.2.5.
5.1.7 Compatibility testing (see 7.8 and 7.9).
7.9 Resistance to Environmental Stress Cracking—The pail
5.1.8 Inspection (see Section 11).
shall perform satisfactorily when tested in accordance with
5.1.9 Marking (see Section 13).
10.2.5.3.
5.1.10 Intended contents.
7.10 Special Requirements—Pailrequirements,additionalto
5.1.11 Whether pressure testing is required.
those in 7.2 through 7.9, if needed by a purchaser, must be
6. Materials specified in the procurement document and as agreed between
purchaser and supplier.
6.1 Materials for the construction of the pail shall be
compatible with the intended contents. Effects of impact,
8. Sampling
vibration, temperature, warehouse stacking, and ultraviolet
8.1 Lotting—A lot shall consist of all pails of one size and
exposure should be considered.
design,producedfromthesamematerialsandunderessentially
6.2 If ultraviolet protection is required, it shall be provided
the same manufacturing conditions and offered for delivery at
bytheadditionofcarbonblackorothersuitablepigmentswith
one time.
ultraviolet stabilizers and inhibitors.These additives should be
8.2 Sampling Pails— Select sample pails for test at random
compatible with the contents and should retain their effective-
from a continuous production lot. As a minimum, the number
ness during the life of the pail.
of pails required is 17 as outlined for design qualification tests
6.3 Materials for purposes other than ultraviolet protection
(see Section 10 and Supplementary Requirements).
may be added, provided such additives permit the pail to meet
the requirements of this specification. 9. Specimen Preparation
6.4 Used materials, except regrind from the same concur- 9.1 Prepare pail specimens in accordance with NMFC, item
rent production process shall not be acceptable for manufac- 258 and UFC Rule 40, where applicable, and as agreed
turing new pails unless otherwise specified. between the pail purchaser and supplier.
D4504 − 94 (2018)
10. Methods of Testing Pails for Design Qualification horizontal surface in an ambient temperature environment of
73.4 63.6°F(23 62°C).Applyatop-loadmassof600lb(272
10.1 General—Th
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