ASTM A874/A874M-98(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable low temperature service. Castings shall be produced by casting or heat treatment and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides. The iron shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, nickel and chromium. The iron shall conform to the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Graphite contained in the microstructure shall be evaluated and the percentage of each graphite type shall be estimated. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable for service at temperatures of −40 °F [–40 °C] and above.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A874/A874M −98 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA874/A874M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
for service at temperatures of −40°F [–40°C] and above.
E94/E94MGuide for Radiographic Examination Using In-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
dustrial Radiographic Film
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E165/E165MPractice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
eral Industry
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
Types
with the standard.
E562Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
Systematic Manual Point Count
the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This E689Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and 3. Ordering Information
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
regulatory limitations prior to use.
the following applicable information:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identification,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.4 Marking instructions (see Section 15),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.5 Place of inspection (see 13.1),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.6 Limits on residual elements (see 5.2),
3.1.7 Visual and dimensional acceptance standard (see 7.1),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 Sampling plan (see Section 9), and
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.9 Supplementary requirements.
A247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
4. Materials and Manufacture
Graphite in Iron Castings
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
4.1 Castings may be supplied either as cast or heat treated
terials
and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
massive carbides.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The iron shall conform to the requirements for chemical
composition shown in Table 1.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
5.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
Ductile Iron Castings.
analysis may be required and limits established for elements
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A874/A874M–98
not specified in Table 1.
ɛ1
(2018) . DOI: 10.1520/A0874_A0874M-98R22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A874/A874M − 98 (2022)
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
10. Number of Tests and Retests
Element Minimum, % Maximum, %
10.1 The number of tension tests and the number of micro-
Total carbon 3.0 3.7
structural examinations shall be agreed upon between the
Carbon equivalent (carbon + ⁄3 silicon) . . . 4.5
manufacturer and purchaser.
Silicon 1.2 2.3
Phosphorous . . . 0.03
10.2 If any tension test specimen shows obvious defects, it
Magnesium . . . 0.07
Manganese . . . 0.25 may be discarded and another from the same coupon may be
Copper . . . 0.1
tested.
Nickel . . . 1.0
Chromium . . . 0.07
11. Test Methods
11.1 Conduct the tension test in accordance with Test
Methods E8/E8M.
6. Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
11.2 Determinetheyieldstrengthusingoneofthefollowing
6.1 Tensile Properties—The iron shall conform to the re- methods:
quirements for tensile properties shown in Table 2. 11.2.1 The 0.2% offset method, or
11.2.2 Extension-under-load method where the yield
6.2 Microstructure—Graphite contained in the microstruc-
strength may be determined as the stress producing an elonga-
ture shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Method A247.
tion under load of 0.330%, that is, 0.0066 in. [0.165 mm] in a
The percent of each graphite type shall be estimated, and the
gage length of 2 in. [50 mm].
total of all estimates shall equal 100%. The total percent of
Types 1 and 2 graphite shall be a minimum of 90%. 11.3 Determine the percent of each graphite nodule type by
manual counting, semi-automatic, or automatic image analysis
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
methods. The manual count method shall prevail when the
results of other methods differ. Magnification shall be at 100×.
7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually
and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot
11.4 Spectrometric methods may be used for chemical
tears. Other surface discontinuities shall meet visual and
analysis. Should a dispute arise concerning chemical
dimensional acceptance standards specified in the order.
composition, use Test Methods E351 and E30 for referee
methods.
7.2 Conditioning of castings is perm
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