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ASTM D4898-90(2010)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis

Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method indicates and measures the amount of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essential for the satisfactory performance and long life of the equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters but can damage functional system components resulting in wear and eventual system failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a membrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by applicable specifications (usually 0.45 μm or 0.80 μm).
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate contamination, the gravimetric method should be supplemented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in accordance with Test Method F312.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4898-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D4898-16 - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7843-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8323-20 - Standard Guide for Management of In-Service Phosphate Ester-based Fluids for Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4378-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM F302-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6439-23 - Standard Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Steam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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ASTM D4898-90(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric AnalysisASTM D4898-90(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
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ASTM D4898-90(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D4898 − 90(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Updated withdrawn standards in Referenced Documents editorially in July 2011.
1. Scope lbenzene Sulfonate Type (Withdrawn 2000)
E319Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble
Balances
contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses.The
F302Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in
contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-
Containers
like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a
F303Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace
membranefilterdiskofporediameterasrequiredbyapplicable
Fluids and Components
specifications (usually 0.45 µm or 0.80 µm).
F312Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
contamination, the gravimetric method should be supple-
F314Methods of Test for Identification of Metallic and
mented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in
Fibrous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids (Withdrawn
accordance with Test Method F312.
1990)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.2 Military Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
MIL-C-81302C Cleaning Compound Solvent Trichlorotrif-
standard.
luoroethane
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 The insoluble contamination is determined by passing a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
givenquantityofafluidsamplethroughamembranefilterdisk
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
and measuring the resultant increase in the weight of the filter.
warning statement, see 6.1.
The fluid sample is drawn through the filter by a vacuum and
the insoluble contamination is collected on the surface of the
2. Referenced Documents
filter. In addition, the filter disk is microscopically scanned for
2.1 ASTM Standards: excessively large particles, fibers, or other unusual conditions.
A555/A555MSpecification for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
4. Significance and Use
D1836Specification for Commercial Hexanes
4.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount of
D2021SpecificationforNeutralDetergent,40PercentAlky-
insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the
levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essen-
tial for the satisfactory performance and long life of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
but can damage functional system components resulting in
D02.N0.02 on Industrial Applications.
wear and eventual system failure.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 1965. Test Method F313 was redesignated as D4898 in 1988. Last
previous edition approved in 2005 as D4898–90(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D4898-
90R10E01.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
the ASTM website. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4898 − 90 (2010)
5. Apparatus 6.4 Refrigerant-113(trichlorotrifluoroethane)conformingto
U.S. Military Specification MIL-C-81302C. (Warning—
5.1 Microbalance, accurate to 0.005 mg, and the zero shall
Flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on repeated
not drift more than 0.005 mg during the test period. The rated
contact. Eye irritant. Aspiration hazard.)
accuracy shall be obtainable by personnel actually making the
weighings, under actual conditions of use and shall be verified
7. Sample
in accordance with Practice E319.
7.1 A 100 6 1-mL fluid sample shall be used for this
5.2 Membrane Filter Support, fritted glass, sintered metal,
method. Larger or smaller samples may be used, however, to
or stainless steel screen, to support 25-mm or 47 to 51-mm
meet problems of unusually high or low contamination levels.
membrane filters. The support shall be designed to enable
NOTE 1—Methods for obtaining the fluid samples are not specified in
attachment of a vacuum flask.
this method. These methods should be established by the individual
5.3 Filtration Funnel, glass or stainless steel, minimum
agencies or laboratories in accordance with their requirements. However,
extremecareshouldbetakentoensurethatthesamplesarerepresentative
capacity 15 mL, designed to enable attachment to the mem-
and free of external contamination.
brane filter support by means of a suitable clamping device.
The filter funnel is calibrated to indicate volume. 7.2 The following ASTM sampling test methods should be
used when applicable: Practices F302 and F303.
5.4 Vacuum Flask, 250-mL, with rubber stopper.
5.5 Filtered Liquid Dispensers (2)—Washing bottles or
8. Preparation of Apparatus
otherdispenserscapableofdeliveringliquidthrougha0.45-µm
8.1 The filtration funnel, petri dishes, graduated cylinders,
in-line membrane filter.
and sample bottles shall be cleaned before each use by the
5.6 Air Ionizer, alpha emitter, 18.5 MBq, of polonium-210, following method:
with a useful life of 1.5 years to a final value of 1.1 MBq. 8.1.1 Thoroughly wash in a solution of detergent and hot
water.
5.7 Membrane Filters (2), 25 mm or 47 to 51 mm in
8.1.2 Rinse with hot tap water and finally with distilled or
diameter, with pore diameter as required.
deionized water.
5.8 Microscope, capable of 35× magnification.
8.1.3 Rinse twice with filtered isopropyl alcohol (delivered
5.9 Vacuum Source, capable of pulling 550 mm Hg. An through a filtered liquid dispenser).
8.1.4 Rinse twice with filtered commercial hexane (deliv-
electrically driven vacuum pump must be explosion-proof.
ered through filtered liquid dispenser).
5.10 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of
8.1.5 Leave approximately 1 mL of commercial hexane in
80°C.
the bottom of each sample bottle. Replace sample bottle cap.
5.11 Sam
...

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ASTM D6046-24(Classification)
Standard Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of hydraulic fluids which are distinguished by their response to certain standardized laboratory procedures. These procedures indicate the possible response of some environmental compartments to the introduction of the hydraulic fluid. One set of procedures measures the aerobic aquatic biodegradability (environmental persistence) of the fluids and another set of procedures estimates the acute ecotoxicity effects of the fluids.  
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4.1.2 There is no relationship between the categories achieved by a hydraulic fluid for persistence and for ecotoxicity. The placing of a hydraulic fluid with regard to one set of categories has no predictive value as to its placement with regard to the other set of categories.  
4.2 The test procedures used to establish the categories of hydraulic fluids are laboratory standard tests and are not intended to simulate the natural environment. Definitive field studies capable of correlating test results with the actual environmental impact of hydraulic fluids are usually site specific and so are not directly applicable to this classification. Therefore, the categories established by this classification can serve only as guidance to estimate the actual impact that the hydraulic fluids might have on any particular environment.  
4.3 This classification can be used by producers and users of hydraulic fluids to establish a common set of references that describe some aspects of the anticipated environmental impact of hydraulic fluids which are incidental to their use.  
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1.1 This classification covers all unused fully formulated hydraulic fluids in their original form.  
1.2 This classification establishes categories for the impact of hydraulic fluids on different environmental compartments as shown in Table 1. Fluids are assigned designations within these categories; for example PwL, Pwe, and so forth, based on performance in specified tests.  
1.3 This classification includes environmental persistence and acute ecotoxicity as aspects of environmental impact. Although environmental persistence is discussed first, this classification does not imply that considerations of environmental persistence should take precedence over concerns for ecotoxicity.  
1.3.1 Environmental persistence describes long term impact of hydraulic fluids to the environment. Environmental persistence is preferably measured by ultimate biodegradation but can also be measured by other means.  
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Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
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5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to ignition of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the evaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremely flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
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Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.  
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5.1 Corrosiveness of a fluid to a bimetallic couple is one of the properties used to evaluate hydraulic or lubricating fluids. It is an indicator of the compatibility of a fluid with a brass on steel galvanic couple at ambient temperature and 50 % relative humidity.
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1.1 This test method covers the corrosiveness of hydraulic and lubricating fluids to a bimetallic galvanic couple.
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Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essential for the satisfactory performance and long life of the equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters but can damage functional system components resulting in wear and eventual system failure.
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This specification covers the standard for mineral oils used in hydraulic systems which require refined base oil (Class HH), refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL) or refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics (Class HM). This specification only covers lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system and does not include all hydraulic oils. Requirements for the mineral oils shall include, but not limited to, viscosity, specific gravity, appearance, flash point, chemical acid number, corrosion, water separation, elastomer compatibility, air release, and thermal stability.
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1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic oils of the types API groups I, II, III, and IV used in hydraulic systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids with one of the following characteristics:  
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1.1.6 A refined mineral base oil with rust or synthetic base stock and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 meeting a higher performance level than an HV fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HVHP).  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods referenced in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D6006-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of Hydraulic Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.  
5.2 Biodegradation occurs when a fluid interacts with the environment, and so the extent of biodegradation is a function of both the chemical composition of the hydraulic fluid and the physical, chemical, and biological status of the environment at the time the fluid enters it. This guide cannot assist in judging the status of a particular environment, so it is not meant to provide standards for judging the persistence of a hydraulic fluid in any specific environment either natural or man-made.  
5.3 If any of the tests discussed in this guide gives a high result, it implies that the hydraulic fluid will biodegrade and will not persist in the environmental compartment being considered. If a low result is obtained, it does not mean necessarily that the substance will not biodegrade in the environment, but does mean that further testing is required if a claim of biodegradability is to be made. Such testing may include, but is not limited to, other tests mentioned in this guide or simulation tests for a particular environmental compartment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.  
1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7646-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants for Aluminum Alloys by Cooling Curve Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the description of the equipment and the procedure for evaluating quenching characteristics of aqueous polymer quenchants by cooling rate determination.  
1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate aqueous polymer quenchants for aluminum alloys in a non-agitated system. There is no correlation between these test results and the results obtained in agitated systems.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off