ASTM F104-00
(Classification)Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system provides a means for specifying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonmetallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork, cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combination with various binders or impregnants are included. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not included, since they are covered in Classification D2000. Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate specifications.
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of the classification system as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: F 104 – 00
Standard Classification System for
Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope F 147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic Gasket
Materials
1.1 This classification system provides a means for speci-
F 148 Test Method for Binder Durability of Cork Compo-
fying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonme-
sition Gasket Materials
tallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork,
F 152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic
cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combi-
Gasket Materials
nation with various binders or impregnants are included.
F 433 Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of
Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not
Gasket Materials
included, since they are covered in Classification D 2000.
F 607 Test Method for Adhesion of Gasket Materials to
Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are
Metal Surfaces
intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate
specifications.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket
3.1 This classification is intended to encourage uniformity
performance are not included, use of the classification system
in reporting properties; to provide a common language for
as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
communications between suppliers and consumers; to guide
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
engineers and designers in the test methods commonly used for
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to
only.
cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 It is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasket
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
materials should be described, insofar as is possible, in terms of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specific physical and mechanical characteristics, and that an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
infinite number of such descriptions can be formulated by use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of one or more standard statements based on standard tests.
2. Referenced Documents Therefore, users of gasket materials can, by selecting different
combinations of statements, specify different combinations of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties desired in various parts. Suppliers, likewise, can
D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-
report properties available in their respective products.
motive Applications
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
4. Basis of Classification
poses
4.1 To permit “line call-out” of the descriptions mentioned
F 36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of
2 in 3.2, this classification system establishes letter or number
Gasket Materials
2 symbols or both for various performance levels of each
F 37 Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket Materials
property or characteristic (see Table 1) .
F 38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Mate-
2 4.2 In specifying or describing gasket materials, each“ line
rial
call-out” shall include the number of this system (minus date
F 146 Test Methods for Fluid Resistance of Gasket Materi-
2 symbol) followed by the letter “F” and six numerals, for
als
example: ASTM F104 (F125400). Since each numeral of the
call-out represents a characteristic (as shown in Table 1), six
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on
Gaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.30 on Classification. IRM 903 is available from R.E. Carrol, Inc. P.O. Box 5806, Trenton, NJ 08638.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally The user should be aware that results may differ from results using ASTM Oil No.
issued as F 104 – 68. Last previous edition F 104 – 95. 3. ASTM Oil No. 3 is no longer commercially available due to potential health risks
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02. associated with its use. IRM 903 has been approved by Committee D-11 as a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. replacement for ASTM Oil No. 3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 104
TABLE 1 Basic Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Basic Six-Digit Number Basic Characteristic
First Numeral “Type” of material(the principal fibrous or particulate reinforcement material from which the gasket is made) shall conform to the first
numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows:
0 = not specified
1 = asbestos
2 = cork
3 = cellulose
4 = fluorocarbon polymer
5 = flexible graphite
7 = nonasbestos, tested as Type 1
A
9 = as specified
Second Numeral Class of material(method of manufacture or common trade designation) shall conform to the second numeral of the basic six-digit number,
as follows:
When first numeral is“ 0” or “9,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is“ 1” or “7,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = compressed sheeter process
2 = beater process
3 = paper and millboard
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is“ 2,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = cork composition (Class 1)
2 = cork and elastomeric (Class 2)
3 = cork and cellular rubber (Class 3)
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is“ 3,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = untreated fiber—tag, chipboard, vulcanized fiber, etc. (Class 1)
2 = protein treated (Class 2)
3 = elastomeric treated (Class 3)
4 = thermosetting resin treated (Class 4)
A
9 = as specified
When firstnumeral is“ 4,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = sheet PTFE
2 = PTFE of expanded structure
3 = PTFE filaments, braided, or woven
4 = PTFE felts
5 = filled PTFE
9 = as specified
When first numeral is“ 5,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = homogeneous sheet
2 = laminated sheet
A
9 = as specified
Third Numeral Compressibility characteristics, determined in accordance with Test Method F 36, shall conform to the percent indicated by the third
numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 25 %)
0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 30 %
1=0 to 10% 6=25 to 40%
2=5 to 15%* 7=30 to 50%
3=10 to 20% 8=40 to 60%
A
4 = 15 to 25 % 9 = as specified
* 7 to 17 % for compressed sheeter process
Fourth Numeral Thickness increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent
indicated by the fourth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 30 %)
0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 40 %
1=0 to 15% 6=30 to 50%
2=5 to 20% 7=40 to 60%
3=10 to 25% 8=50 to 70%
A
4 = 15 to 30 % 9 = as specified
Fifth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent
indicated by the fifth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 30 % max)
0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max
1=10%, max 6=60%, max
2=15%, max 7=80%, max
3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max
A
4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specified
Sixth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in water:determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent indicated by the
sixth numeral of the basic six-digit number. See left and below. (Example: 4 = 30 %, max)
0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max
1=10%, max 6=60%, max
2=15%, max 7=80%, max
3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max
A
4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specified
A
On engineering drawings or other supplement to this classification system.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 104
numerals are always required. The numeral “0” is used when numeral of the basic six-digit line call-out, as shown in Table
the description of any characteristic is not desired. The numeral 1.
“9” is used when the description of any characteristic (or test
NOTE 1—While this “cell-type” format provides the means for close
related thereto) is specified by some supplement to this
characterization and specification of each property and combinations of
classification system, such as notes on engineering drawings.
properties for a broad range of materials, it is subject to possible
4.3 To further specify or describe gasket materials, each
misapplications, since impossible property combinations can be coded if
the user is not familiar with available commercial materials. Table X1.1 of
“line call-out” may include one or more suffix letter-numeral
this classification indicates properties, characteristics, and test methods
symbols, as listed in Table 2, for example: ASTM F104
that are normally considered applicable to each type of material.
(F125400-B2M4). Various levels of definition may be estab-
lished by increasing or decreasing the number of letter-numeral
5. Physical and Mechanical Requirements
symbols used in the “line call-out.”
5.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification shall
4.4 For convenience, gasket materials are referred to by
have the characteristics or properties indicated by the first six
Type according to the principal fibrous or particulate reinforce-
numerals of the line call-out, within the limits shown in Table
ment or other material from which the gasket is made and by
1, and by additional letter-numeral symbols shown in Table 2.
Class according to the manufacturing method, or the common
6. Thickness Requirements
trade designation. Type numbers correspond with the first
numeral, and class numbers correspond with the second 6.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification system
TABLE 2 Supplementary Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Suffix Symbol Supplementary Characteristics
A9 Sealability characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 37. External load, internal pressure, other details of test,
and results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.
B1 through B9 Creep relaxation characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 38. Loss of stress at end of 24 h shall not exceed
the amount indicated by the numeral of the B-symbol.
B1=10% B5=30%
B2=15% B6=40%
B3=20% B7=50%
B4=25% B8=60%
A
B9 = as specified
D00 through D99 The former ASTM standard F64, Test Method for Corrosive and Adhesive Effects of Gasket Materials on Metal Surfaces, was
discontinued in 1980. The newly established test for adhesion has become Test Method F 607.
E00 through E99 Weight and thickness change after immersion in ASTM Fuel B shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 146.
Weight increase shall not exceed the standard rating number indicated by the first numeral of the two-digit number of the E-symbol.
Thickness increase shall not exceed the standard rating number indicated by the second numeral of the E-symbol.
Weight Increase, % Thickness Increase, %
(first numeral) (second numeral)
E0_ = not specified E_0 = not specified
E1_ = 10 E_1 = 0–5
E2_ = 15 E_2 = 0–10
E3_ = 20 E_3 = 0–15
E4_ = 30 E_4 = 5–20
E5_ = 40 E_5 = 10–25
E6_ = 60 E_6 = 15–35
E7_ = 80 E_7 = 25–45
E8_ = 100 E_8 = 30–60
A A
E9_ = as specified E_9 = as specified
H Adhesion characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 607. Results shall be as specified on engineering drawing
or other supplement to this classification.
K1 through K9 Thermal conductivity characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Practice F 433 using a temperature of 100 6 2°C (212 6
3.6°F). The k-factor obtained in W/(m·K) (Btu·in./h·ft ·°F) shall fall within the ranges indicated by the numeral of a K symbol.
K1 = 0. to 0.09 (0 to 0.65) K5 = 0.29 to 0.38 (2.00 to 2.65)
K2 = 0.07 to 0.17 (0.50 to 1.15) K6 = 0.36 to 0.45 (2.50 to 3.15)
K3 = 0.14 to 0.24 (1.00 to 1.65) K7 = 0.43 to 0.53 (3.00 to 3.65)
K4 = 0.22 to 0.31 (1.50 to 2.15) K8 = 0.50 to 0.60 (3.50 to 4.15)
A
K9 = as specified
M1 through M9 Tensile strength characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 152 and 9.2. Results in MPa (psi) shall be no less
than the value indicated by the numeral of the M-symbol.
M1 = 0.689 (100) M5 = 10.342 (1500)
M2 = 1.724 (250) M6 = 13.790 (2000)
M3 = 3.447 (500) M7 = 20.684 (3000)
M4 = 6.895 (1000) M8 = 27.579 (4000)
A
M9 = as specified
R Binder Durability characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 148. There shall be no evidence of disintegration
at conclusion of test.
S9 Volume change characteristics, when immersed in ASTM No. 1 Oil, IRM 903 Oil, and ASTM Reference Fuel A, shall be determined in
accordance with Test Method F 146. Results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.
T Flexibility characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 147. There shall be no evidence of cracks, breaks, or
separation at conclusion of test.
Z Other characteristics shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.
A
On engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 104
shall conform to the thickness tolerances specified in Table 3. controlled-humidity room or in a closed chamber with gentle
mechanical circulation of the air at 21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) and
7. Sampling
50 to 55 % relative humidity.
7.1 Specimens shall be selected from finished gaskets or
NOTE 2—If a mechanical means of maintaining 50 to 55 % relative
sheets of suitable size, whichever is the more practicable. If
humidity is not available, a tray containing a saturated solution of reagent
sheets are used, they shall, where applicable, be cut squarely
grade magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO )·6H O, shall be placed in the chamber
3 2
to provide the required relative humidity.
with the grain of the stock, and the grain direction shall be
noted by an arrow. If finished gaskets are used, the dimensions
8.
...
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