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ASTM A834-95(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard common requirements for iron castings to be used for general industrial applications. The castings shall be made in a workman-like manner and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by the purchaser before manufacture is started. A lot shall consist of one of the following: all the metal from a single heating in a batch-type melting furnace; all the metal poured from two or more batch-type melting furnaces into a single ladle or a single casting; or all the metal poured from a continuous melting furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge, processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, whichever is the shorter period. Specimens shall undergo tension tests and shall conform to the specified tensile strength requirements. Chemical analysis such as spectrographic methods shall be performed to determine the chemical composition which shall be in accordance to the carbon content requirement of the specimen. Visual inspection shall also be done to ensure that the casting surface is free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements when used in conjunction with the following iron casting specifications issued by ASTM:    
ASTM Specification2  
A47/A47M  
A48/A48M  
A197/A197M  
A220/A220M  
A278/A278M  
A319  
A395/A395M  
A436  
A439/A439M  
A518/A518M  
A532/A532M  
A536  
A571/A571M  
A823  
A842  
A874/A874M  
A897/A897M  
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to the above specifications as indicated herein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification, and this general specification, shall prevail in the sequence named.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2020
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A04 - Iron Castings
Drafting Committee
A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A834-95(2015) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A247-24 - Standard Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Graphite in Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2024
Refers
ASTM E8/E8M-24 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Refers
ASTM A823-99(2023) - Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM A571/A571M-01(2023)e1 - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM A532/A532M-10(2023) - Standard Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast Irons
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM A197/A197M-00(2023)e1 - Standard Specification for Cupola Malleable Iron
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM A319-71(2020) - Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Elevated Temperatures for Non-Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A436-84(2020) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A278/A278M-01(2020) - Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650 °F (350 °C)
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A532/A532M-10(2019) - Standard Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast Irons
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Refers
ASTM A823-99(2019) - Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Refers
ASTM A197/A197M-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Cupola Malleable Iron
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Refers
ASTM A571/A571M-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Refers
ASTM A536-84(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-May-2019

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ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial UseASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
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ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A834 −95 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General
Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that
aremandatoryrequirementswhenusedinconjunctionwiththe
2. Referenced Documents
following iron casting specifications issued by ASTM:
2 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ASTM Specification
A47/A47M A47/A47MSpecification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-
A48/A48M
ings
A197/A197M
A48/A48MSpecification for Gray Iron Castings
A220/A220M
A278/A278M
A197/A197MSpecification for Cupola Malleable Iron
A319
A220/A220MSpecification for Pearlitic Malleable Iron
A395/A395M
A247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
A436
A439/A439M Graphite in Iron Castings
A518/A518M
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for
A532/A532M
Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F
A536
A571/A571M
(350°C)
A823
A319Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Elevated
A842
Temperatures for Non-Pressure Containing Parts
A874/A874M
A897/A897M
A395/A395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron
Pressure-RetainingCastingsforUseatElevatedTempera-
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary
tures
requirements which may be applied to the above specifications
A436Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
asindicatedherein.Theseareprovidedforusewhenadditional
A439/A439MSpecificationforAusteniticDuctileIronCast-
testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified
ings
individually by the purchaser in the order.
A518/A518MSpecification for Corrosion-Resistant High-
1.3 The requirements of the individual material
Silicon Iron Castings
specification, and this general specification, shall prevail in the
A532/A532M Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast
sequence named.
Irons
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
A536Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical A571/A571MSpecificationforAusteniticDuctileIronCast-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-
and are not considered standard. Temperature Service
A644Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
A802/A802MPractice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tance Standards, Visual Examination
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
A823SpecificationforStaticallyCastPermanentMoldGray
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Iron Castings
A842Specification for Compacted Graphite Iron Castings
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
Iron Castings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A834–95(2015). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0834-95R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A834 − 95 (2020)
A874/A874MSpecification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Cast- 6. Chemical Requirements
ings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
6.1 Theindividualproductspecificationsvaryastowhether
A897/A897MSpecification for Austempered Ductile Iron
chemical analysis is required. To determine specific
Castings
requirements, the individual product specification should be
A919Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
reviewed.
(Withdrawn 1999)
6.2 Sampling shall be conducted in accordance with Prac-
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
ticeE59.SpectrographicorothermethodssuchasthoseinTest
terials
Methods E30 and E351 may be used for chemical analysis. In
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
the event of a dispute regarding chemical composition, Test
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Methods E351 and E30 shall be used for referee purposes.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron, 6.3 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
chilled pencil-type specimens or from thin wafers approxi-
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination mately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) thick cut from test coupons. Drillings
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996) are not reliable because of a probable loss of graphite.
E94/E94MGuide for Radiographic Examination Using In-
6.4 Chemical analysis results shall be rounded, in accor-
dustrial Radiographic Film
dance with Practice E29, to the nearest unit in the last
E165/E165MPractice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
right-hand place of values in the table of chemical require-
eral Industry
ments.
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
6.5 Aproduct analysis may be made by the purchaser from
Types
material representing each heat, lot, or casting. The analysis
E689Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
shall be made on representative material. Samples for carbon
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
analysis shall be taken no closer than ¼ in. to a cast surface,
E802Reference Radiographs for Gray Iron Castings Up to
1 and shall follow the practice in 5.3, except where the size or
4 ⁄2 in. (114 mm) in Thickness
shape of the casting does not permit such sampling. The
2.2 Military Standard:
chemical composition thus determined shall meet the require-
MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage
ments specified in the applicable specification for the grade
2.3 Federal Standard:
involved.
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
3. Terminology
7.1 Allcastingsshallbemadeinaworkmanlikemannerand
3.1 Definitions:
shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by the
purchaser before manufacture is started. If the pattern is
3.1.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings
supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the casting shall
and their heat treatment are found in Terminology A919 and
be as predicted by the pattern.
Terminology A644. A classification of graphite structure is
found in Test Method A247.
8. Sampling
4. Ordering Information
8.1 A lot shall consist of one of the following:
8.1.1 All the metal from a single heating in a batch-type
4.1 The purchase order for castings ordered under this
melting furnace.
specification shall stipulate the applicable material
8.1.2 All the metal poured from two or more batch-type
specification(s), grade of iron, and any options or additions to
melting furnaces into a single ladle or a single casting.
the basic requirements, including the supplementary require-
8.1.3 All the metal poured from a continuous melting
ments included in this specification.
furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,
processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, or 4 h, whichever
5. Tensile Requirements
is the shorter period.
5.1 Theindividualproductspecificationsvaryastowhether
8.1.3.1 The purchaser may agree to extend the 4-h time
tension tests are required. For this reason, and to determine
period to8hifthe manufacturer can demonstrate sufficient
specific te
...

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Standard Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Graphite in Iron Castings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The comparison of observed graphite particles with the structures shown in the charts give only purely descriptive information on the type, distribution, and size of the graphite in the sample being evaluated. It does not indicate, except in a very broad way, the origin of the graphite or the suitability of the iron-carbon alloy for a particular service.
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1.1 This test method covers the classification of graphite in cast irons in terms of type, distribution, and size by visual comparison to reference photomicrographs. This test method is intended to be applicable for all iron-carbon alloys containing graphite particles, and may be applied to gray irons, malleable irons, compacted graphite irons, and the ductile (nodular) irons.  
1.2 The reference photomicrographs included in this test method are in no way to be construed as specifications. In an appropriate specification for a specific material where graphite microstructure is an important consideration, this test method may be used as a reference to concisely define the graphite microstructure required.  
1.3 These reference photomicrographs are offered primarily to permit accurate reporting of microstructures of cast irons and to facilitate the comparison of reports by different laboratories or investigators.  
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This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds. Castings under this specification are classified into a number of grades (A-SA, A-SB, A-SC, A-SS, A-CA, A-CB, A-CC, N-SA, N-SB, N-SC,N-SS, N-CA, N-CB and N-CC) based on the properties of separately cast test bars. The grades are designated A for annealed or N for normalized; followed by an S or a C to designate a solid or a cored casting; followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the test bar to be poured with the castings. The cast test bar shall be selected on the basis of the controlling section size of the casting and shall have the specified dimensions (diameter and length). Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided the tensile strength and Brinell hardness requirements are met. The chemical composition and heat treatment shall be such as to produce these mechanical requirements as well. A suitable permanent mold design for separately cast test bars is described and the tension test requirements are detailed.
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1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds.  
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).  
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This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. The castings covered here are Type D-2M, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. The castings shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is capable of producing castings. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus. The castings shall undergo tension tests and impact tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and Charpy V-notch.
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1.1 This specification covers pearlitic malleable iron castings for general engineering usage at temperatures from normal ambient to approximately 750 °F [400 °C].  
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1.2 The application of the austempering heat treatment extends the range of properties achievable in ductile iron castings.  
1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). However, austempering heat treatment will tend to diminish any differences in mechanical properties.  
1.4 The production of castings, machining (if required), and the austempering heat treatments may be performed by different manufacturers, as covered in Section 13. The purchaser should establish by contract agreement, at the time of ordering, the responsibility of the various parties for meeting the specification requirements.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A518/A518M-99(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for high-silicon iron castings of Grades 1, 2, and 3 intended for severe environment corrosion-resistant services. The alloy shall be produced by any melting and casting process, or combination of processes that will be capable of meeting the specified contents of carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and copper. Reference analysis methods are given for each chemical component. Transverse bend test and hydrostatic test shall be performed. Material shall conform to minimum load at center and minimum deflection at center requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high-silicon cast iron castings intended for corrosion-resistant service.  
1.2 This specification covers three grades as shown in Table 1. Selection of grade depends on the corrosive service to be experienced by the casting. All three grades are suited for application in severe corrosive environments. However, Grade 2 is particularly suited for application in strong chloride environments, and Grade 3 is recommended for impressed current anodes.    
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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