ASTM D381-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the existent gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, (including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates and deposit control additives) at the time of test.
1.2 Provisions are made for the determination of the heptane insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels.
1.3 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); the accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 381 – 00 An American National Standard
Designation: 131/99
Standard Test Method for
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Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method was issued as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.
This method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 3302 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the existent 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor 3.1.1 existent gum—the evaporation residue of aviation
gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, fuels, without any further treatment.
(including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates 3.2 For non-aviation fuels, the following definitions apply.
and deposit control additives) at the time of test. 3.3 solvent washed gum content—the residue remaining
1.2 Provisions are made for the determination of the heptane when the evaporation residue (see 3.4) has been washed with
insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels. heptane and the washings discarded.
1.3 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); the 3.3.1 Discussion—For motor gasoline or non-aviation gaso-
accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius. line, solvent washed gum content was previously referred to as
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the existent gum.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.4 unwashed gum content—the evaporation residue of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- product or component under test, without any further treat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- ment.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4. Summary of Test Method
statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
4.1 A measured quantity of fuel is evaporated under con-
2. Referenced Documents
trolled conditions of temperature and flow of air or steam. For
2.1 ASTM Standards: aviation gasoline and aviation turbine fuel, the resulting
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and residue is weighed and reported as milligrams per 100 mL. For
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Petroleum Products motor gasoline, the residue is weighed before and after
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E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers extracting with heptane and the results reported as milligrams
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to per 100 mL.
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Determine Conformance with Specification
5. Significance and Use
2.2 IP Standard:
Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum 5.1 The true significance of this test method for determining
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gum in motor gasoline is not firmly established. It has been
Products
proved that high gum can cause induction-system deposits and
sticking of intake valves, and in most instances, it can be
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
assumed that low gum will ensure absence of induction-system
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
difficulties. The user should, however, realize that the test
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
method is not of itself correlative to induction-system deposits.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
published as D 381 – 34 T. Last previous edition D 381 – 99. The primary purpose of the test method, as applied to motor
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
gasoline, is the measurement of the oxidation products formed
Committee.
in the sample prior to or during the comparatively mild
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
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conditions of the test procedure. Since many motor gasolines
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
are purposely blended with nonvolatile oils or additives, the
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Available from Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W.I.,
heptane extraction step is necessary to remove these from the
England.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 381
evaporation residue so that the deleterious material, gum, may 6.7 Steam—Supply by suitable means capable of delivering
be determined. With respect to aviation turbine fuels, large to the bath inlet the required amount of steam at 232 to 246°C.
quantities of gum are indicative
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