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ASTM C411-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation

Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of commercial sizes of both block and pipe forms of thermal insulating materials when exposed to simulated hot-surface application conditions. The term "hot-surface performance" has reference to a simulated use-temperature test in which the heated testing surface is in a horizontal position.
1.2 This test method refers primarily to high-temperature insulations that are applicable to hot-side temperatures in excess of 200°F (93°C). It is used for materials such as preformed insulations, insulating cements, blankets, and the like, by proper laboratory preparation of the samples.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C411-97 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C411-05 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C195-07(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating Cement
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C534/C534M-23 - Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C610-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C591-22 - Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C592-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C552-22 - Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1534-22 - Standard Specification for Flexible Polymeric Foam Sheet Insulation Used as a Thermal and Sound Absorbing Liner for Duct Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C447-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C800-19 - Standard Specification for Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation (Aircraft Type)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1290-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used to Externally Insulate HVAC Ducts
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1071-19 - Standard Specification for Fibrous Glass Duct Lining Insulation (Thermal and Sound Absorbing Material)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1594-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM C411-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationASTM C411-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
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ASTM C411-04 - Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C411–04
Standard Test Method for
Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope intended service, and noting during the test and afterward,
changes in the material and its properties. Measurement of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor-
these changes are used for predicting what occurs in service as
mance of commercial sizes of both block and pipe forms of
a result of exposure to temperatures corresponding to those of
thermal insulating materials when exposed to simulated hot-
the tests.
surface application conditions. The term “hot-surface perfor-
mance” has reference to a simulated use-temperature test in
5. Apparatus
which the heated testing surface is in a horizontal position.
5.1 Heating Plate—The heating plate shall consist of a
1.2 This test method refers primarily to high-temperature
corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant plate with a preferred
insulations that are applicable to hot-side temperatures in
exposed test area of 36 by 18 in. (914 by 457 mm), but having
excess of 200°F (93°C). It is used for materials such as
a minimum test area of 18 by 18 in. (457 by 457 mm). The
preformed insulations, insulating cements, blankets, and the
heated area shall have an insulated, heated guard area having a
like, by proper laboratory preparation of the samples.
minimumwidthof3in.(76mm)aroundtheentireperipheryof
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the test area. The plate shall be supported in a horizontal plane
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
at a sufficient number of points to prevent sagging. It shall be
information only.
heated on the under side by gas or electricity. The surface
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature of the plate shall be measured by not less than five
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thermocouples. Four of the thermocouples shall be located
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
alongthediagonalsthatextendfromthecornersoftheexposed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
area of the plate and at a distance of 6 in. (152 mm) in from
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
each corner. A fifth thermocouple shall be located near the
2. Referenced Documents center of the test plate area. The temperature at no point of
2
measurement shall vary more than 65%or 625°F (614°C),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whichever is less, from the desired temperature. A heating
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
chamber beneath the heating plate shall be formed to retain the
3. Terminology heat generated by the heating means. A 6-in. thickness of
insulation shall form the bottom and the sides, and the heating
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C 168 shall apply to the
plate shall form the top of the chamber. Two suitable types of
terms used in this test method.
heating plates are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
4. Significance and Use
5.2 Heating Pipe—The heating pipe shall consist of a
corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant pipe having a length of
4.1 Performance in service is the final measure of value for
not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) and preferably 6 ft 6 in. (1.98 m). It
a thermal insulation, but simulative service tests give useful
shall be supported horizontally. The nominal diameter of the
indications. One type involves application for a specified time
pipe shall preferably be 3 in. (76 mm).The pipe shall be heated
to a surface heated at a temperature approximately that of
electrically with a spiral heating coil placed along the inside of
the pipe. Supplementary end heaters, and a guard section at
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
least 3 in. long of the same insulation as that being placed on
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
the test section, shall also be provided to guard against
Physical Properties.
excessive losses from the ends of the test specimen. (Where
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 411 – 97. possible, the use of standard thermal conductivity pipe test
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
apparatus to serve as the heating pipe is recommended.) The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
surface temperature of the pip
...

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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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4.2 The results may be considered as representative of the potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.  
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemical resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 These test methods include the following sections:    
Section Heading  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Sampling  
4  
Specimen Preparation  
5  
Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
7  
Absorption  
8  
Freezing and Thawing  
9  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test)  
10  
Efflorescence  
11  
Weight Per Unit Area  
12  
Measurement of Size  
13  
Measurement of Warpage  
14  
Measurement of Length Change  
15  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test)  
16  
Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units  
17  
Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units  
18  
Measurement of Out of Square  
19  
Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness  
20  
Breaking Load  
21  
Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes)  
22  
Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
23  
Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
24  
Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
25  
Precision and Bias  
26  
Keywords  
27  
Safety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment and Operation  
Appendix X1  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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