ASTM D4355-99

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to Ultraviolet Light and Water (Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the deterioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to ultraviolet light and water.
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a xenon-arc light source.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use .

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1999
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.02 - Endurance Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4355-02 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8102-17 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Geotextiles
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6685-01(2015) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Fabrics Used for Fabric Formed Concrete (FFC) (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 4355 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to Ultraviolet
Light and Water (Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dete-
method, refer to Terminology D 123, for geotextile terms refer
rioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to
to Terminology D 4439.
ultraviolet light and water.
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a
4. Summary of Test Method
xenon-arc light source.
4.1 Specimens of geotextiles for the machine and cross
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
directions are exposed for 0, 150, 300, and 500 h of ultraviolet
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
exposure in a xenon-arc device. The exposure consists of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
120-mincyclesasfollows:90minoflightonly,followedby30
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
min of water spray and light.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 There are five specimens tested for each total exposure
2. Referenced Documents time for each direction. Following the exposure time the
specimens are subjected to a cut or ravel strip tensile test.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Comparing these results to the test results for five unexposed
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
specimens indicates the deterioration which has taken place
D 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation of
due to ultraviolet exposure.
Textile Fabric
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
5. Significance and Use
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
5.1 This procedure tests geotextiles under a standard set of
G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
conditions of humidity and temperature for three exposure
Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
times, plus unexposed specimens. This test method will enable
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
the user to develop a degradation curve for the geotextile being
celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light
6 tested.
Sources
5.2 The relation between time to failure in an exposure
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus
6 conducted in accordance with this test method, and service life
for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
in a specific outdoor environment requires determination of an
3. Terminology acceleration factor as defined in Terminology G 113. The
acceleration factor is material-dependent and is only valid if it
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
is based on data from a sufficient number of separate exterior
3.1.1 geotextile—any permeable textile material used with
and laboratory-accelerated exposures so that the results used to
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi-
relate times to failure in each exposure can be analyzed using
neering related material that is an integral part of a man-made
statistical methods.
product, structure, or system.
NOTE 1—An example of a statistical analysis using multiple laboratory
and exterior exposures to calculate an acceleration factor is described by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
J. A. Simms. See Practice G 151 for more information and additional
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
cautions about the use of acceleration factors.
ance Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published March 2000. Originally
5.2.1 The deterioration curve obtained from the results of
published as D 4355 – 84. Last previous edition D 4355 – 92.
this test method enables the user to determine the tendency of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
a geotextile to deteriorate when exposed to ultraviolet light and
Discontinued 1992; see 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Replaced by Test Methods D 5034 and D 5035. water.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
6 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04. Simms, J.A., The Journal of Coatings Technology, Vol 50, 1987, pp. 45-53.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4355–99
5.3 Variation in results may be expected when operating core unless the sample is taken at the production site, at which
conditions are not operated within the accepted limits of this point inner and outer wrap material may be used.
test method. Its intended use is as a qualitative assessment of
8. Specimen Preparation
the presence of ultraviolet inhibitors, and comparison of that
infuluence between products. However, no inference to the 8.1 Taketwo,one-metresquareportionsfromthelaboratory
sample. Each shall be no closer to the selvage than ⁄10 the
time of stability should be implied by the test results as
correlation between time duration and outdoor exposure. Out- sample width. One is to be used for machine direction
specimens, the other for cross machine direction specimens.
door tests are recommended for assessing time stability rela-
tions. 8.2 Use template illustrated in Fig. 1 to identify potential
specimens from which the actual specimens are drawn. To
5.3.1 If it becomes necessary for the purchaser and seller to
use this test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, select these actual specimens randomly draw 20 specimens
from both the machine and cross directions measuring 50 by
if any, between the purchaser’s and seller’s laboratories should
be determined. Such comparison is to based on specimens 150mm(2by6in.)fromtheone-metresquareportionsofeach
laboratory sample as directed in Practice D 1898.
randomlydrawnfromthesampleofgeotextilebeingevaluated.
5.3.2 In such cases, as a minimum, the two parties should
9. Procedure
take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as
9.1 Operate the xenon-arc test apparatus as directed in
possible, and which are from a lot of material of the type in
question.Thetestspecimensshouldthenberandomlyassigned Practices G 151 and G 155. Expose test specimens to the
following cycle: 90 min of light only at 656 2.5°C (149 6
in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
results from the two laboratories should be compared using 5°F) uninsulated black panel temperatur
...