ASTM D5225-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Solution Viscosity of Polymers with a Differential Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Measuring Solution Viscosity of Polymers with a Differential Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Solution viscosity values for polymers are related to the average molecular size of that portion of the polymer which dissolves in the solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solution viscosity of polymers using a differential or the modified differential viscometer. It is applicable to all polymers that dissolve completely without chemical reaction or degradation to form solutions that are stable with time and temperature. Results of the test are usually expressed as specific viscosity, intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), or relative viscosity (viscosity ratio).
1.2 Since there is more than one type of viscometer available to measure a differential pressure, follow the manufacturer’s directions applicable to the equipment being used.
1.3 The solution viscosity values are comparable with those obtained using a glass capillary of Test Method D2857. This test method differs from the glass capillary in that the solvent and the solution are compared at the same time that a test is run. With a glass capillary, each solution must be referenced back to the solvent run in the same capillary at the same temperature.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation: D5225 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Solution Viscosity of Polymers with a Differential
1
Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5225; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solu- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion viscosity of polymers using a differential or the modified D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl
differential viscometer. It is applicable to all polymers that Chloride Polymers
dissolve completely without chemical reaction or degradation D2857 Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
to form solutions that are stable with time and temperature. E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Results of the test are usually expressed as specific viscosity, Determine the Precision of a Test Method
intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number), inherent viscos-
3. Terminology
ity (logarithmic viscosity number), or relative viscosity (vis-
cosity ratio).
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 inherent viscosity—the ratio of the natural logarithm
1.2 Since there is more than one type of viscometer avail-
of the relative viscosity to the concentration. The IUPAC term
able to measure a differential pressure, follow the manufactur-
for inherent viscosity is logarithmic viscosity number.
er’s directions applicable to the equipment being used.
3.1.2 intrinsic viscosity—limit of the reduced and inherent
1.3 The solution viscosity values are comparable with those
viscosities as the concentration of the polymeric solute ap-
obtained using a glass capillary of Test Method D2857. This
proaches zero and represents the capacity of the polymer to
test method differs from the glass capillary in that the solvent
increase viscosity. The IUPAC term for intrinsic viscosity is
and the solution are compared at the same time that a test is
limiting viscosity number.
run. With a glass capillary, each solution must be referenced
3.1.3 reduced viscosity—the ratio of the specific viscosity to
back to the solvent run in the same capillary at the same
the concentration. Reduced viscosity is a measure of the
temperature.
specific capacity of the polymer to increase the relative
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
viscosity. The IUPAC term for reduced viscosity is viscosity
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
number.
standard.
3.1.4 relative viscosity—the ratio of the polymer solution
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pressure to the pressure of the solvent.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 specific viscosity—the relative viscosity minus one.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.6 viscosity constant, K—baseline reading when solvent
is present in both capillaries.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 8.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
4.1 Differential Viscometer (Fig. 1):
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5225 - 09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5225-14. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5225 − 14
across the capillaries. A pump continuously supplies solvent
flow.The ratio of the pressures P and P is proportional to the
2 1
ratio of the viscosities of the fluid in capillary 2 to that in
capillary 1.
P η
2 2
5 K 5 K·Relative Viscosity (2)
P η
1 1
4.2.1.1 K, the viscosity constant, is obtained from the
baseline reading when solvent is present in both capillaries, so
η /η is unity.
2 1
4.2.1.2 With the valve in LOAD position, the sample is
flushed through the sample loop by the syringe pump. A
baseline reading is established and recorded by the computer
data acquisition system. When the valve is switched t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5225 − 09 D5225 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Solution Viscosity of Polymers with a Differential
1
Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5225; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solution viscosity of polymers using a differential or the modified
differential viscometer. It is applicable to all polymers that dissolve completely without chemical reaction or degradation to form
solutions that are stable with time and temperature. Results of the test are usually expressed as specific viscosity, intrinsic viscosity
(limiting viscosity number), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), or relative viscosity (viscosity ratio).
1.2 Since there is more than one type of viscometer available to measure a differential pressure, follow the manufacturer’s
directions applicable to the equipment being used.
1.3 The solution viscosity values are comparable with those obtained using a glass capillary of Test Method D2857. This test
method differs from the glass capillary in that the solvent and the solution are compared at the same time that a test is run. With
a glass capillary, each solution must be referenced back to the solvent run in the same capillary at the same temperature.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride Polymers
D2857 Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 inherent viscosity—the ratio of the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity to the concentration. The IUPAC term for
inherent viscosity is logarithmic viscosity number.
3.1.2 intrinsic viscosity—limit of the reduced and inherent viscosities as the concentration of the polymeric solute approaches
zero and represents the capacity of the polymer to increase viscosity. The IUPAC term for intrinsic viscosity is limiting viscosity
number.
3.1.3 reduced viscosity—the ratio of the specific viscosity to the concentration. Reduced viscosity is a measure of the specific
capacity of the polymer to increase the relative viscosity. The IUPAC term for reduced viscosity is viscosity number.
3.1.4 relative viscosity—the ratio of the polymer solution pressure to the pressure of the solvent.
3.1.5 specific viscosity—the relative viscosity minus one.
3.1.6 viscosity constant, K—baseline reading when solvent is present in both capillaries.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009May 1, 2014. Published September 2009June 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D5225 - 98D5225 - 09.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D5225-09.10.1520/D5225-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5225 − 14
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Differential Viscometer (Fig. 1):
4.1.1 The viscosity measurement with the differential viscometer is based on a fluid analog of the Wheatstone Bridge. Pure
solvent at constant inlet pressure P enters a balanced capillary network and flows through, producing a zero or baseline pressure
i
on
...
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