ASTM D5895-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The drying times of a coating are significant in determining when a freshly painted room, floor or stair may be put back in use or a coated article handled or packaged. Slow drying may result in dirt pick-up or, on an exterior surface, moisture may cause a nonuniform appearance.
These test methods are used to determine the various stages of drying or curing in the dry-film formation of organic coatings using mechanical devices for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or ingredient changes, or both. To evaluate the stages of drying in a quantitative manner, use of instrumentation under environmental controlled conditions is strongly recommended. These devices also offer a method of determining drying characteristics of coatings that can not be ascertained within the standard 8-h work day.
When evaluating drying characteristics of baking systems, the circular drying time devices offer a method to determine quantitatively drying times of coatings at room temperature and elevated conditions. Maximum temperatures would be limited by considerations such as the affect of temperature on the motor lubrication or structural components of the device.
The straight line drying time devices offer a method to determine quantitatively drying times of coatings tested simultaneously using one recorder.
This method is useful in comparing the behavior of coatings during drying of the same generic type. Determination of actual drying times should be conducted following procedures outlined in Test Method D 1640 or ISO 1517.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of several stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings using straight line and circular mechanical drying-time recording devices. The use of mechanical recorders is valuable in comparing the drying behavior of coatings of the same generic type, allowing that one coating may form a gel or resist tearing at a faster rate than another.
1.2 Drying time measured using the mechanical recorders may differ from those found using conventional methods, such as Test Method D 1640 or ISO 1517.
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5895–03
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of
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Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope ISO 1517 Drying Time Using Ballotini
1.1 Thesetestmethodsdescribethedeterminationofseveral
3. Terminology
stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
using straight line and circular mechanical drying-time record-
3.1.1 dry-hard time, n—The dry-hard condition is reached
ing devices. The use of mechanical recorders is valuable in
using mechanical recorders when the drying and curing, or
comparing the drying behavior of coatings of the same generic
both, reactions have proceeded sufficiently that the film is not
type, allowing that one coating may form a gel or resist tearing
displacednorisanynoticeablemarkleftbypinchingthepanels
at a faster rate than another.
between the thumb on the film and forefinger with a relatively
1.2 Drying time measured using the mechanical recorders
strongforce.Inthesetestmethods,thedry-hardtimeisreached
may differ from those found using conventional methods, such
where the stylus has risen out of the film and rides on the
as Test Method D 1640 or ISO 1517.
surface, leaving only a mark without disrupting the body of the
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the
film (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3.1.2 dry-through time, n—The dry-through condition is
information only.
reached when the film has solidified so completely that a large,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
twisting force can be applied without distorting the film. In
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
these test methods, the dry-through time is reached when the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
stylus no longer left any visible mark on the film (see Fig. 1
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and Fig. 2).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 set-to-touch time, n—The set-to-touch condition is
2. Referenced Documents reached when the film has solidified sufficiently, by solvent
evaporation or chemical reaction, or both, that it not longer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flows nor sticks to a finger that lightly touches it. In these test
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
2 methods, the set-to-touch time is reached where a pear-shaped
of Paint, Varnish and Related Products on Test Panels
depression appears in the film when the film stops flowing over
D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
2 the path of the recorder’s stylus and leaves a track in the film
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
revealing the glass substrate (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
D 1640 Test Method for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
2 3.1.4 tack-free time, n—The tack-free condition is reached
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
using mechanical recorders when the film surface has dried or
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
cured (see set-to-touch time) so that the film does not adhere to
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
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very light objects placed on it. In these test methods, the
Materials
tack-free time is reached where the continuous track in the film
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
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ceases and the stylus starts to tear the film or leave a
Pigmented Coatings
ragged/sharp-edged grove as it first begins to climb over the
2.2 ISO Standard
film (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
NOTE 1—The above descriptions are typical for coatings that do not
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
skin over during curing.Any coating which exhibits skinning, such as two
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
pack epoxies or polyurethane coatings, will show a very different track
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
Films.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
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approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5895 – 01 . Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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