ASTM E2785-14(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the material performance after exposure to a standardized set of severe environmental conditions. It is understood that these performance values are dependent upon these standardized exposure periods and environmental concentrations. Other values are possible if the exposure period or severe environmental concentration, or both, is changed.
5.2 This test method is intended to be used where the material is exposed to the specific extreme environmental condition in its intended field of application.
5.3 The user shall establish which properties are relevant to the application at hand, in order to determine the properties to be tested.
Note 2: It is not intended for all properties to be tested in all cases.
5.4 This test method is intended to evaluate only the following types of materials, as defined by their physical properties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetration firestops:
5.4.1 Endothermic,
5.4.2 Intumescent,
5.4.3 Insulative,
5.4.4 Ablative, and
5.4.5 Subliming.
5.5 This test method determines initial physical properties, chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physical properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. The following properties are to be considered, as applicable:
5.5.1 Weight loss or gain,
5.5.2 Volume expansion,
5.5.3 Thermal conductivity,
5.5.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
5.5.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
5.5.6 Tensile strength and elongation,
5.5.7 Visual observations, and
5.5.8 Loss on ignition.
5.6 This test method uses the following exposures:
5.6.1 Elevated temperature,
5.6.2 High humidity,
5.6.3 Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisture present,
5.6.4 Water immersion,
5.6.5 Temperature cycling,
5.6.6 Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and
5.6.7 Weathering.
5.7 This test method does not provide any information regarding the actual fire performance of the firestop...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physical properties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materials after a standardized environmental exposure. This test method does not evaluate the fire performance of the firestop materials.
1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid in determining the use of the tested material in buildings.
1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of component products used within a firestop system, and does not evaluate the properties of assembled firestop systems.
Note 1: This test method does not preclude the possibility of exposing complete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposures and then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.
1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method in the evaluation of the relative behavior of a specific material before and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria. Individual tests are not intended to be the only determining factor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material because each test has limitations.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2785 − 14 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Firestops are installed in buildings to prevent the spread of fire. Each firestop design is dependent
onitsspecificarrangement,thickness,density,andshapeofmaterialsusedinitsconstructionandupon
the specific assembly in which it is fire tested. There are at least five types of materials used in
firestops. They are endothermic, intumescent, insulative, subliming, and ablative. Some firestops use
more than one type in a specific design. The purpose of this test method is to provide a common set
of procedures for evaluating the potential behavior of materials used in firestops to various
environmental conditions. There are other materials used in firestop systems that are not of the five
types listed above, which are not intended to be evaluated by this test method.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
properties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materials
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
after a standardized environmental exposure. This test method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
does not evaluate the fire performance of the firestop materials.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determining the use of the tested material in buildings.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of component
products used within a firestop system, and does not evaluate mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the properties of assembled firestop systems.
NOTE 1—This test method does not preclude the possibility of exposing
2. Referenced Documents
complete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposures
and then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method in
the evaluation of the relative behavior of a specific material ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
before and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria.
Individual tests are not intended to be the only determining C1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using
Artificial Weathering Apparatus
factor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material because
each test has limitations. D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Using Water Immersion
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical Maximum
and are not considered standard.
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
D3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21
on Serviceability. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2785–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2785-14R22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2785 − 14 (2022)
D3850 Test Method for RapidThermal Degradation of Solid 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimetric
3.2.1 ablative, adj—characterized by the capability for rap-
Method (TGA)
idly dissipating heat from a substrate.
D4434/D4434M Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
3.2.2 endothermic, adj—characterized by a process or
Sheet Roofing
change that takes place with absorption of heat and requires
D4637/D4637M Specification for EPDM Sheet Used in
high temperature for initiation and maintenance.
Single-Ply Roof Membrane
3.2.3 insulative, adj—characterized by an extremely low
D4714 Test Method for Determination of Effect of Moist
dielectric constant, low thermal conductivity or both.
Heat (50 % Relative Humidity and 90°C) on Properties of
Paper and Board (Withdrawn 2010)
3.2.4 intumescent, adj—characterized by foaming and
D5510 Practice for Heat Aging of Oxidatively Degradable
swelling when exposed to high surface temperatures or flames.
Plastics (Withdrawn 2010)
3.2.5 subliming, adj—characterized by the direct passage of
D5893/D5893M Specification for Cold-Applied, Single-
a substance from solid to vapor without appearing in the
Component, Chemically Curing Silicone Joint Sealant for
intermediate (liquid) state.
Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
D6083/D6083M Specification for Liquid-Applied Acrylic
4. Summary of Test Method
Coating Used in Roofing
D6754/D6754M Specification for Ketone Ethylene Ester
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence
Based Sheet Roofing
and procedure:
D6878/D6878M Specification for Thermoplastic Polyolefin-
4.1.1 The firestop material is measured for its physical
Based Sheet Roofing
properties or chemical properties, or both, before exposure to
D6947/D6947M Specification for Liquid Applied Moisture
standardized severe environments.
Cured Polyurethane Coating Used in Spray Polyurethane
4.1.2 Thefirestopmaterialisexposedtostandardizedsevere
Foam Roofing System
environmentalexposuresforaspecifictimeperiodandretested
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
for its physical properties or chemical properties, or both, at
Building Materials
various time periods.
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
4.1.3 After the total exposure time period, the firestop
and Materials
material’s physical properties or chemical properties, or both,
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
and performance is calculated and reported as a percentage of
Ventilation Ovens
initial values.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
5. Significance and Use
ology
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the material
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop
performance after exposure to a standardized set of severe
Systems
environmental conditions. It is understood that these perfor-
E2786 Test Methods for Measuring Expansion of Intumes-
mance values are dependent upon these standardized exposure
cent Materials Used in Firestop and Joint Systems
periods and environmental concentrations. Other values are
F495 Test Method for Weight Loss of Gasket Materials
possible if the exposure period or severe environmental
Upon Exposure to Elevated Temperatures
concentration, or both, is changed.
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
5.2 This test method is intended to be used where the
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
material is exposed to the specific extreme environmental
G155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LampApparatus for
condition in its intended field of application.
Exposure of Materials
5.3 The user shall establish which properties are relevant to
3. Terminology
the application at hand, in order to determine the properties to
3.1 Definitions—Definitions in the following standards will
be tested.
prevail for terms not defined in this test method.
NOTE 2—It is not intended for all properties to be tested in all cases.
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in this test
method related to building construction, refer to Terminology
5.4 This test method is intended to evaluate only the
E631.
following types of materials, as defined by their physical
3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used in this test
properties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetra-
method related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.
tion firestops:
3.1.3 For definitions of general terms used in this test
5.4.1 Endothermic,
method related to thermal analysis and rheology, refer to
5.4.2 Intumescent,
Terminology E473.
5.4.3 Insulative,
5.4.4 Ablative, and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. 5.4.5 Subliming.
E2785 − 14 (2022)
5.5 This test method determines initial physical properties, 6.10 Environmental chamber that can be sealed for use of
chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physi- gas.
cal properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. The
6.11 A TGA system.
following properties are to be considered, as applicable:
6.12 A DSC system.
5.5.1 Weight loss or gain,
5.5.2 Volume expansion, 6.13 A volume expansion measuring system.
5.5.3 Thermal conductivity,
6.14 Other apparatus as specified in the referenced stan-
5.5.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
dards.
5.5.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
5.5.6 Tensile strength and elongation,
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
5.5.7 Visual observations, and
7.1 Use as-commercially-supplied material from the
5.5.8 Loss on ignition.
manufacturer, with dimensions or form modified to meet the
5.6 This test method uses the following exposures:
exposure and property testing required. See 7.2 and Section
5.6.1 Elevated temperature,
A1.1.
5.6.2 High humidity,
7.2 Some materials that are used to seal a penetration in the
5.6.3 Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisture
field require special preparation before samples are exposed to
present,
the required environments.
5.6.4 Water immersion,
7.2.1 Cast or form samples into the cured or dry state before
5.6.5 Temperature cycling,
exposure to the environmental conditions for sealants, putties,
5.6.6 Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and
coatings, sprays, mortars, and foams.
5.6.7 Weathering.
7.2.2 Cut sheet-type materials such as wrap strips, boards,
5.7 This test method does not provide any information
mats, blankets, pillows, preformed plugs, and sponges into a
regarding the actual fire performance of the firestop before or
form designed to be exposed to the environmental conditions.
after the exposure tests.
7.2.3 Make measurements on no less than three specimens
for each time increment. Obtain and prepare samples for all
5.8 This test method will provide a comparison between
formula and processing changes in materials. exposures.
5.9 This test method only provides for a comparison of the
8. Conditioning
tested material before and after a standardized exposure
8.1 All test specimens shall be conditioned to equilibrium
process.
by weight in a room or chamber with a temperature of
5.10 This test method shall be used as one element in
72 °F 6 5 °F (22 °C 6 3 °C) at 50 % 6 5 % RH. Weigh and
evaluating materials or selecting firestop material(s) for a
record the weight of each test specimen once a day until
specific application. Other factors shall be considered, such as
equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is considered achieved
its fire performance as tested in accordance with Test Methods
when the weight change is less than 1 % per day. After the
E814 or E119, flame spread as tested in accordance with Test
samples have reached equilibrium, they are to be retrieved and
Method E84, durability, and its compatibility with its adjacent
tested within 1 h after removal from the conditioning environ-
materials.
ment.
6. Apparatus
9. Procedure
6.1 Accelerated weathering unit as described in Practice
9.1 Control Samples—For each individual physical prop-
G151 and, more specifically, Practice G155.
erty or chemical property, or both, as enumerated in 5.4,
6.2 Cold box or freezer.
determine and record benchmarks for each material. The
benchmark value shall be the measurement prior to any
6.3 Vented air circulating oven, complying with Specifica-
environmental exposure test.
tion E145 that is capable of exposing samples at
212 °F 6 3.6 °F (100 °C 6 2 °C).
9.2 Subject test specimens to any of the following in 9.2.1 –
9.2.7, as requested by the test sponsor, and record the results.
6.4 Balance, calibrated to weigh specimens to the nearest
The results shall be reported for each required time increment.
0.00035 oz (0.01 g)
9.2.1 Elevated Temperature Exposure in accordance with
6.5 A6 in. (152 mm) dial caliper with a division of 0.01 in.
Practice D3045, Test Method D4714, or Practice D5510.
(0.25 mm) or smaller
9.2.2 High Humidity in accordance with A1.6.
6.6 A small hydraulic press with platens larger than 5 in. 9.2.3 Concentrated Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide in
(127 mm) square.
accordance with A1.2.
9.2.4 Water Immersion in accordance with Practice D870.
6.7 Two nominally 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) thick metal shims at
9.2.5 Temperature Cycling in accordance with A1.3.
least 4 in. (102 mm) long.
9.2.6 Wet-Freeze-Dry Cycling in accordance with A1.4.
6.8 Release liner paper.
9.2.7 Weathering in accordance with Practice C1442 using
6.9 A steel ruler graduated to ⁄64 in. (0.40 mm). the Xenon-arc procedure. Irradiance level is to be set at
E2785 − 14 (2022)
0.51 W⁄(m · nm)at340 nmfor102 minoflightand18 minof P 5 A 2 O /O 3100 (1)
@~ ! #
light plus moisture, as detailed in 7.2.3 of Practice C1442.As
where:
an option, for users who are required to operate the machine at
2 P = percentage change in property,
irradiance level of 0.35 W⁄(m · nm), this exposure may be
O = original value, and
used with an adjustment using the equation for determining
A = value after environmental exposure.
equivalent radiant exposures at different irradiance levels in
A1.2 of Practice C1442
...
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