ASTM F14-80(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
Standard Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The term reference as employed in this practice implies that both the glass and the metal of the reference glass-metal seal will be a standard reference material such as those supplied for other physical tests by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or a secondary reference material whose sealing characteristics have been determined by seals to a standard reference material (see NIST Special Publication 260).4 Until standard reference materials for seals are established by the NIST, secondary reference materials may be agreed upon between producer and user.5
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and testing reference glass-to-metal bead-seals for determining the magnitude of thermal expansion (or contraction) mismatch between the glass and metal. Tests are in accordance with Test Method F218 (see Section 2).
1.2 This practice applies to all glass-metal combinations, established or experimental, particularly those intended for electronic components.
1.3 The practical limit of the test in devising mismatch is approximately 300 ppm, above which the glass is likely to fracture.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F14 − 80 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F256 Specification for Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloys with
18 or 28 Percent Chromium
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and test-
F257 Specification for Twenty-eight Percent (28 %)
ing reference glass-to-metal bead-seals for determining the
Chromium-Iron Alloy for Sealing to Glass (Withdrawn
magnitude of thermal expansion (or contraction) mismatch
1973)
between the glass and metal. Tests are in accordance with Test
Method F218 (see Section 2).
3. Summary of Practice
1.2 This practice applies to all glass-metal combinations,
3.1 Seals of a standard configuration are prepared from a
established or experimental, particularly those intended for
representative sample of each metal and glass to be tested.
electronic components.
Each material is prepared by an approved method and sized as
1.3 The practical limit of the test in devising mismatch is
specified. The seal is formed, annealed, and measured for
approximately 300 ppm, above which the glass is likely to
optical retardation from which the axial stress and expansion
fracture.
mismatch are calculated. At least two specimens are required
from which average values are obtained.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The term reference as employed in this practice implies
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
that both the glass and the metal of the reference glass-metal
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
seal will be a standard reference material such as those
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
supplied for other physical tests by the National Institute of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standards and Technology, or a secondary reference material
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
whose sealing characteristics have been determined by seals to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
a standard reference material (see NIST Special Publication
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 260). Until standard reference materials for seals are estab-
lished by the NIST, secondary reference materials may be
2. Referenced Documents
agreed upon between producer and user.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
F15 Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy
5.1 Polarimeter, as specified in Test Method F218 for
F30 Specification for Iron-Nickel Sealing Alloys
measuring optical retardation and analyzing stress in glass.
F31 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron SealingAlloys
F79 Specification for Type 101 Sealing Glass
5.2 Heat-Treating and Oxidizing Furnaces, with suitable
F105 Specification for Type 58 Borosilicate Sealing Glass
controls and with provisions for appropriate atmospheres
F218 Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and
(Annex A1) for preconditioning metal, if required.
Analyzing Stress in Glass
5.3 Glassworking Lamp or Sealing Furnace, radiant tube,
muffle, or r-f induction with suitable controls and provision for
1 use with inert atmosphere.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass and
Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on Physical
and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F14 – 80 (2015). DOI: www.astm.org.
10.1520/F0014-80R19. Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Gulati, S. T., and Hagy, H. E., “Expansion Measurement Using Short
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on CylindricalSeal:TheoryandMeasurement,”ThermalExpansion6,editedbyIanD.
the ASTM website. Peggs, Plenum, New York, N. Y., 1978, pp. 113–130.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F14 − 80 (2019)
5.4 Annealing Furnace, with capability of controlled cool- is strongly recommended that producer and user mutually
ing. definetheannealingscheduleandestablishrigidcontrolsforits
maintenance.
5.5 Ultrasonic Cleaner, optional.
9. Procedure for Measuring Optical Retardation
5.6 Micrometer Caliper, with index permitting direct read-
ing of 0.02 cm.
9.1 For each specimen measure the retardation in the
annealed seal at the glass-metal interface parallel to the seal
6. Materials
axis in accordance with Test Method F218.
9.1.1 Placethesealinanindex-matchingliquidandposition
6.1 Metal—Representative rod stock with out-of-round not
its axis in a direction 45° from the direction of vibration of the
exceeding 1 % shall be selected, preferably with a diameter in
polarizer and analyzer, so that the line of sight is at the
the range 0.5 to 4 mm. Smaller diameters result in a loss of
midpoint of the glass bead.
sensitivity and larger diameters tend to be cumbersome and
9.1.2 Determine the retardation along the light path through
impractical. Surfaces shall be relatively free of scratches,
the glass in terms of degrees of rotation of the analyzer. Rotate
machine marks, pits, or inclusions that would induce localized
in a direction that causes the black fringe seen within the glass
stresses. Length requirements are discussed in 6.2.
to move toward the glass-metal interface. Stop rotation of the
6.2 Glass—Representative glass tubing of suitable optical
analyzer when the center of the black fringe is coincident with
transmission with an inside diameter 0.15 to 0.25 mm larger
the glass-metal interface. This condition is termed the point of
than the metal rod diameter.The outside diameter of the tubing
extinction.
shall preferably be such that it produces a glass-to-metal
NOTE 1—Sealing combinations may exist in which the thermal expan-
diameterratiobetween1.5and2.Thelengthofthetubingshall
sion coefficients of glass and metal at room temperature may differ
exceed four times the finished glass diameter.The length of the
significantly. In these cases it may be important to record the temperature
metal ro
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