ASTM A536-84(2004)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings, also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, that is described as cast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape and essentially free of other forms of graphite. Appropriate heat treatment shall be identified according to grades, as follows: a full ferritizing anneal for 60-40-18; a quench and temper, or normalize and temper, or isothermal heat treatment for 100-70-03 and 120-90-02; and as-cast for 65-45-12 and 80-55-06. Castings shall be tested and conform to specified tensile requirements such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. When indicated in the contract or purchase order, castings shall also adhere to special requirements like hardness, chemical composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness, magnetic particle inspection dimensions, and surface finish.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings made of ductile iron, also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, that is described as cast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape and essentially free of other forms of graphite, as defined in Terminology A 644.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: A 536 – 84 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A536; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.3 Special properties, if required (see Section 7),
3.1.4 If a different number of samples are required (see
1.1 This specification covers castings made of ductile iron,
Section 10),
also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, that is described as
3.1.5 Certification, if required (see Section 14), and
castironwiththegraphitesubstantiallyspheroidalinshapeand
3.1.6 Special preparation for delivery, if required (see Sec-
essentially free of other forms of graphite, as defined in
tion 15).
Terminology A644.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
4. Tensile Requirements
as the standard.
4.1 The iron represented by the test specimens shall con-
1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
form to the requirements as to tensile properties presented in
tweenthepropertiesoftheironinvariouslocationsofthesame
Tables 1 and 2. The irons listed in Table 1 cover those in
castingorbetweenthepropertiesofcastingsandthoseofatest
general use, while those listed in Table 2 are used for special
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
applications (such as pipes, fittings, etc.).
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 Theyieldstrengthshallbedeterminedat0.2%offsetby
the offset method (see Test Methods E8). Other methods may
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be used by mutual consent of the manufacturer and purchaser.
A370 TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
5. Heat Treatment
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
5.1 The 60-40-18 grade will normally require a full ferritiz-
A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment,
ing anneal.The 120-90-02 and the 100-70-03 grades generally
Carbon and LowAlloy Steel for GeneralApplication, and
require a quench and temper or a normalize and temper, or an
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
isothermal heat treatment. The other two grades can be met
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3 either as-cast or by heat treatment. Ductile iron, which is heat
2.2 Military Standard:
treated by quenching to martensite and tempering, may have
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
substantially lower fatigue strength than as-cast material of the
3. Ordering Information same hardness.
3.1 Ordersformaterialtothisspecificationshallincludethe
6. Test Coupons
following information:
6.1 The separately cast test coupons from which the tension
3.1.1 ASTM designation,
test specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shape
3.1.2 Grade of ductile iron required (see Table 1, and
shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.Amodified keel block cast from the
Sections 4 and 9),
mold shown in Fig. 3 may be substituted for the 1-in. Y-block
or the 1-in. keel block. The test coupons shall be cast in open
This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A04 on
molds made of suitable core sand having a minimum wall
Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.02 on Malleable and
1 1
Ductile Iron Castings. thickness of 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) for the ⁄2-in. (12.5 mm) and 1-in.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
(25-mm) sizes and 3 in. (75 mm) for the 3-in. size. The
e1
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A536–84 (1999) .
coupons shall be left in the mold until they have cooled to a
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
blackcolor(approximately900°F(482°C)orless).Thesizeof
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
couponcasttorepresentthecastingshallbeattheoptionofthe
the ASTM website.
purchaser. In case no option is expressed, the manufacturer
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
shall make the choice.
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 536 – 84 (2004)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade
60-40-18 65-45-12 80-55-06 100-70-03 120-90-02
Tensile strength, min, psi 60 000 65 000 80 000 100 000 120 000
Tensile strength, min, MPa 414 448 552 689 827
Yield strength, min, psi 40 000 45 000 55 000 70 000 90 000
Yield strength, min, MPa 276 310 379 483 621
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 18 12 6.0 3.0 2.0
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements for Special Applications
Grade Grade Grade
60-42-10 70-50-05 80-60-03
Tensile strength, min, psi 60 000 70 000 80 000
Tensile strength, min, MPa 415 485 555
Yield strength, min, psi 42 000 50 000 60 000
Yield strength, min, MPa 290 345 415
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, 10 5 3
min, %
“Y” Block Size
For Castings
For Castings For Castings
of Thickness
of Thickness of Thickness
Dimen- ⁄2 in.
Less Than of 1 ⁄2 in.
sions (13 mm) to
⁄2 in. (38 mm)
1 ⁄2 in.
(13 mm) and Over
(38 mm)
in. mm in. mm in. mm
A ⁄2 13 1 25 3 75
5 1
B1 ⁄8 40 2 ⁄8 54 5 125
C 2 50 3 75 4 100
D 4 100 6 150 8 200
E 7 175 7 175 7 175
approx approx approx approx approx approx
FIG. 2 Y-Blocks for Test Coupons
specified, the manufacturer shall make the choice. When test
Metric Equivalents
bars will be cut from castings, test bar location shall be agreed
in. mm in. mm
on by the purchaser and manufacturer and indicated on the
1 1
⁄2 12.7 1 ⁄2 38.1
1 25.4 2 ⁄2 63.5 casting drawing. The manufacturer shall maintain sufficient
controlsandcontroldocumentationtoassurethepurchaserthat
NOTE—The length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm).
properties determined from test coupons or test bars are
FIG. 1 Keel Block for Test Coupons
representative of castings shipped.
6.4 The test coupons shall be poured from the same ladle or
6.2 Wheninvestmentcastingsaremadetothisspecification, heat as the castings they represent.
the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size incorpo-
6.5 Test coupons shall be subjected to the same thermal
rated in the mold with the castings, or separately cast to size
treatment as the castings they represent.
using the same type of mold and the same thermal conditions
7. Special Requirements
that are used to produce the castings. These test specimens
shall be made to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 of Specifica- 7.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order,
tion A732/A732M or Figs. 5 and 6 of Test Methods and
castingsshallmeetspecialrequirementsastohardness,chemi-
Definitions A370. cal composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radio-
6.3 The manufacturer may use separately cast test coupons
graphic soundness, magnetic particle inspection dimensions,
or test specimens cut from castings when castings made to this and surface finish.
specification are nodularized or inoculated in the mold. Sepa-
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
rately cast test coupons shall have a chemistry that is repre-
sentative of castings produced from the ladle poured and a 8.1 The castings shall be smooth, free of injurious d
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