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ASTM C341-96

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Length Change of Drilled or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete

Standard Test Method for Length Change of Drilled or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the length changes of drilled or sawed specimens of hydraulic-cement mortar and concrete due to causes other than externally applied forces and temperature changes. It can be readily adapted, if desired, to studies of length change involving different schedules or environmental treatment than the standard procedures prescribed by this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1996
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.68 - Volume Change
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C341/C341M-03 - Standard Practice for Length Change of Cast, Drilled, or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003

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ASTM C341-96 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Drilled or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteASTM C341-96 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Drilled or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
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ASTM C341-96 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Drilled or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 341 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Length Change of Drilled or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-
Cement Mortar and Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the length 4.1 Measurements of length change permit assessment of
changes of drilled or sawed specimens of hydraulic-cement the potential for volumetric expansion or contraction of drilled
mortar and concrete due to causes other than externally applied or sawed specimens of hydraulic-cement mortar, and concrete
forces and temperature changes. It can be readily adapted, if due to various causes other than externally applied forces and
desired, to studies of length change involving different sched- temperature changes. This test method is particularly useful for
ules or environmental treatment than the standard procedures comparative evaluation of this potential in different mortar or
prescribed by this test method. concrete specimens.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5. Apparatus
as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Length Comparator—The length comparator shall gen-
erally conform to the requirements of Specification C 490,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- except that it should be constructed to accommodate the
specimens to be tested under this test method, which may have
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. gage lengths of 3 in. (75 mm) or more.
5.1.1 Gage Studs in Ends of Specimens—When the com-
2. Referenced Documents
parator is to be used to measure between gage studs in the ends
2.1 ASTM Standards: of specimens, the gage length for computing percentage length
A 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes change shall be considered to be the distance between the
C 42 Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores innermost ends of the gage studs, and the contact terminals of
and Sawed Beams of Concrete the comparator shall be plane, polished, heat-treated surfaces
C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened as described in Specification C 490. Fig. 3 of Specification
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete C 490 shows one type of comparator which has been found
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination suitable for such specimens. A horizontal comparator may be
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and desirable for specimens that are considered too large to be
Concrete handled by the type of comparator illustrated in Fig. 3 of
Specification C 490.
3. Terminology
5.1.2 Gage Studs on Sides of Specimen—When the com-
3.1 Definition of Term—The term “length change,” as used parator is to be used to measure between gage studs on the
here, is defined as an increase or decrease in a linear dimension
sides of specimens, the contact terminals shall be conical,
of a test specimen which has been caused to change by any heat-treated surfaces as shown in Fig. 1, which illustrates a
factor other than externally applied forces and temperature
type of comparator that has been found satisfactory for this
changes. type of specimen. In this case, the gage length shall be the
distance between the reference points located in the exposed
ends of the gage studs (see 5.2).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
5.2 Gage Studs—Gage studs shall be Type 316 stainless
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.68 on
steel, meeting Specification A 276.
Volume Change.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published January 1997. Originally 5.2.1 For Ends of Specimens—Gage studs that are to be
published as C 341 – 54 T. Last previous edition C 341 – 89.
located in the ends of specimens shall have a rounded surface
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
to provide point contact with the terminals of the comparator.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
The types of studs described in Specification C 490 are suitable
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C341–96
FIG. 1 Type of Suitable Extensometer for Measurement of Length Change of Specimens Having Gage Studs on Sides
for insertion in drilled holes. Spherical studs having a diameter 8. Setting Gage Studs
1 3
of ⁄4 to ⁄8 in. (6 to 10 mm), or studs that are sections of spheres
8.1 Gage studs may either be dry-set or cemented in drilled
of similar diameter, are suitable for cementing to the ends of
holes, or cemented directly to the surface of the specimen.
specimens.
8.2 Drilling Holes—For gage studs that are to be cemented,
5.2.2 For Sides of Specimens—The exposed end of gage
holes should be drilled (Note 1) only slightly larger than the
studs that are to be located on the sides of specimens shall have
studs. For gage studs that are to be dry-set, holes should be
3 1
a plane surface with a diameter or diagonal of ⁄8 to ⁄2 in. (10
drilled about 0.005 in. (0.1 mm) smaller in diameter than the
to 13 mm). For dry setting, the length of the stud shall be ⁄2 to
studs. In the case of small specimens, take care that the
⁄8 in. (13 to 16 mm). Shorter lengths of stud, including plane
specimens are not damaged by the drilling operation. The
disks, may be satisfactory for studs that are to be cemented.
location and depth of holes shall be as given in 8.2.1 and 8.2.2.
5.3 Drying Room and Controls—A drying room and con-
NOTE 1—Carbide-tipped masonry drills have been found most suitable
trols as described in Test Method C 157 shall be used for
for this purpose.
storing specimens in air.
8.2.1 For Gage Studs in Ends of Specimen—Drill holes in
6. Sampling
the ends of a specimen so that their longitudinal axes coincide
6.1 Samples shall be obtained in accordance with the with the longitudinal axis of the specimen. The depth of the
section on Sampling of Test Method C 42. holes should be such that the gage studs will project from ⁄8 in.
to ⁄16 in. (3 to 5 mm) beyond the ends of the specimen.
7. Test Specimens
8.2.2 For Gage Studs in Sides of Specimen—Drill a pair of
holes in each of two opposite sides of the specimen to
7.1 Test specimens shall be either cores or rectangular
compensate for warping and to provide a better average for
prisms that have been drilled or sawed from existing concrete
length change. Position both pairs of holes in a plane contain-
or mortar structures and are free from reinforcing steel, visible
ing the longitudinal axis of the specimen and space to conform
cracks, or other structural defects. They may be of any size but
to the length of the comparator. The center of each hole should
specimens that are to be compared should not differ in their
be at least 1 in. (approximately 25 mm) from the end of the
cross-sectional dimensions by more than 10 % or in length by
specimen. The depth of the holes should preferably be such that
more than 20 %. The gage length shall be at least six times the
the top surfaces of the gage studs can be set about 0.1 in. (3
maximum nominal size of the coarse aggregate but not less
mm) below the surface of the specimen.
than 3 in. (75 mm), and that the minimum cross-sectional
8.3 Cementing Methods:
dimension be at least three times the maximum nominal size of
the coarse aggregate but not less than 2 in. (50 mm). When the 8.3.1 Studs Set in Holes—Position gage studs in holes at the
gage studs are to be located on
...

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FIG. 1 Rotary Platform Abraser
FIG. 2 Arrangement of Rotary Platform Abraser Test Set-up  
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4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of assessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout to retain a stable volume during the stipulated testing period of 28 days, provided that the tendency to change height does not include the effects of drying caused by evaporation, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23.0 °C ± 2.0 °C [73 °F ± 3.5 °F] (Note 2). An exception is made when the options described in the section on test conditions are exercised.  
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Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
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4.1 This test method provides a means for comparing the relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. It is particularly applicable to grouting, patching, and form-filling operations where the objective is to completely fill a cavity or other defined space with a freshly mixed cementitious mixture that will continue to fill the same space at time of hardening. It would be appropriate to use this test method as a basis for prescribing mixtures having restricted or specified volume change before the mixture becomes hard.  
4.2 This test method can be used for research purposes to provide information on volume changes taking place in cementitious mixtures between the time just after mixing and the time of hardening. However, the specimen used in this test method is not completely unrestrained so that the measurements are primarily useful for comparative purposes rather than as absolute values. Further, the degree of restraint to which the specimen is subjected varies with the viscosity and degree of hardening of the mixture.
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1.2 This test method covers height change measurements at early ages for cementitious mixtures of paste, grout, mortar, and concrete.  
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ASTM
ASTM C387/C387M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Concrete and High Strength Mortar

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the production, properties, packaging, and testing of packaged, dry, combined materials for concrete and mortars. Concrete mixtures covered by this specification includes high-early strength concrete, normal strength concrete, normal weight concrete, high-strength mortar, and mortars for unit masonry. The purchaser shall specify the material desired as concrete, high strength mortar, or mortar for use with unit masonry, and the respective physical requirements. Materials used as ingredients in packaged, dry, combined materials for mortar and concrete shall be composed of aggregates, air-entraining admixtures, blended cement, chemical admixtures, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, hydrated lime, latex and powder polymer modifiers, masonry cement, mortar cement, Portland cement, and silica fume. All aggregates shall be dried, without disintegration, to specific moisture content The proportions of cementitious material and aggregate shall be such that the strength requirements will be met. Packaged, dry, combined materials for concrete, high strength mortar and mortar for use with unit masonry shall conform to the respective compressive strength requirements. Scales conforming to the standards will be used for sampling concretes from a single batch using a sufficient quantity. A slump test will be performed to check if additional water is required. In sampling mortar, the contents of an entire package of dry, combined material for mortar for unit masonry or for concrete mortar shall be used. Mortar mixing equipment, which must be provided with a bowl positioning adapter, shall be used to ensure clearance for the largest size aggregate in the mix being tested. The specification includes the following testing methods for mortar: compressive strength, density and yield, air content, and water retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the production, properties, packaging, and testing of packaged, dry, combined materials for concrete and high strength mortar. The classifications of concrete and mortar covered are defined in Section 3.
Note 1: The scope of this standard does not cover mortars for unit masonry. Dry preblended mortars for unit masonry are covered by Specification C1714/C1714M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM C87/C87M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is of significance in making a final determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M concerning organic impurities.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to those samples which, when tested in accordance with Test MethodC40/C40M, have produced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than the standard listed in Table 1 of C40/C40M (Organic plate No. 3, Gardner Color Standard No. 14, Circular Disk No. 14 or prepared color solution).  
5.3 Many specifications provide for the acceptance of fine aggregate producing a darker color in the Test Method C40/C40M test, if testing by this test method indicates the strength of the mortar cubes prepared with the unwashed fine aggregate is comparable to the strength of mortar cubes made with the washed fine aggregate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40/C40M. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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