ASTM D7585/D7585M-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Retroreflective Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments
Standard Practice for Evaluating Retroreflective Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides procedures for the determination of the retroreflective performance of pavement markings. This practice does not set the minimum retroreflectance values for pavement markings, it describes sampling criteria for determining the retroreflective properties of pavement markings, which then can be used to determine compliance with a specification. It is the responsibility of the agency having jurisdiction to set the acceptable retroreflectivity values within their own specifications.
This practice does not purport to address all the concerns regarding contamination of the markings, but the following may be helpful. It is very important that the markings being evaluated are clean and dry. If the evaluation is being used relative to a measure of the performance of a contractor, it is imperative that the parties agree beforehand on the definition of clean and dry. There are many forms of contamination on a roadway that will lower the retroreflectivity readings of a marking, but not all of them can be removed. Asphalt oil and rubber skid marks are examples. Loose dirt can be removed by pressure washing, perhaps using soap, brushing or high-pressure air, however, these techniques are usually insufficient to remove dirt that is packed into the marking surface. Care should be taken to select areas that are typical of the marking section, avoiding areas of paint tracking or contamination, for example. It may be useful to take photographs using a digital camera and a good macro lens to be able to see the contamination on or between the glass beads.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes several field techniques to evaluate the retroreflective properties of pavement markings containing retroreflecting optics (for example, centerlines and edgelines) and applied to the road surface. The techniques described in this practice contain sampling criteria such as the length of test sections and the number of measurements needed. The practice is based on retroreflective measurements made with portable hand-operated instruments in compliance with Test Method E1710.
1.2 The data obtained from this practice can be used to determine the acceptance or rejection of a project based on specified levels of retroreflectivity established by the agency having jurisdiction.
1.3 This practice can be used for the evaluation of newly installed or existing pavement markings. When testing newly applied pavement markings, it is recommended that the evaluation be done no sooner than 48 hours after application but before 30 days after application so that excess retroreflective optics, such as glass spheres, are no longer present.
1.4 The assessment techniques in this practice are based on best practices and designed to provide three levels of confidence in terms of quantifying the retroreflective performance of markings. Each technique represents a tradeoff between the number of measurements and the confidence of the retroreflective performance of the markings under study.
1.5 This practice can be used by agencies as is or may be customized to meet an agency’s specific needs. Where applicable, the practice describes areas where different assumptions could be made, which would impact the sampling needs and the confidence levels of the results. When deviations from this practice are made, they shall be documented in the test report.
Note 1—When measuring newly installed pavement markings, there are several factors that contribute to erroneous values for measurements made within a short time after application, such as excess retroreflective optics, top-coatings on tape, incomplete curing of the binder, and coatings on the retroreflective optics. Retroreflective measurements taken within 48 h after application may be useful to quickly gauge the application quality but are not intended to be used with this practice.
Note 2—When measuring existing or in-service pavement markings, care should be taken so th...
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Designation: D7585/D7585M −10
StandardPractice for
Evaluating Retroreflective Pavement Markings Using
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Portable Hand-Operated Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7585/D7585M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
made within a short time after application, such as excess retroreflective
1. Scope
optics, top-coatings on tape, incomplete curing of the binder, and coatings
1.1 This practice describes several field techniques to evalu-
ontheretroreflectiveoptics.Retroreflectivemeasurementstakenwithin48
ate the retroreflective properties of pavement markings con- h after application may be useful to quickly gauge the application quality
but are not intended to be used with this practice.
taining retroreflecting optics (for example, centerlines and
NOTE 2—When measuring existing or in-service pavement markings,
edgelines) and applied to the road surface. The techniques
care should be taken so that representative sections of pavement markings
described in this practice contain sampling criteria such as the
are measured. There are particular conditions where excessive pavement
length of test sections and the number of measurements
marking wear can be associated with a specific cause such as vehicle
needed. The practice is based on retroreflective measurements tracking along horizontal curves, access points to gravel pits, and high
weave areas. Pavement markings can also collect dirt, grime, and debris.
made with portable hand-operated instruments in compliance
with Test Method E1710.
1.6 This practice replaces Test Method D6359 with a
multi-level strategy for evaluating the retroreflectance of pave-
1.2 The data obtained from this practice can be used to
ment marking materials. This change was desired to provide
determine the acceptance or rejection of a project based on
agencies with options for project acceptance and monitoring of
specified levels of retroreflectivity established by the agency
pavement markings during service.
having jurisdiction.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.3 This practice can be used for the evaluation of newly
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
installed or existing pavement markings. When testing newly
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
applied pavement markings, it is recommended that the evalu-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ation be done no sooner than 48 hours after application but
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
before 30 days after application so that excess retroreflective
with the standard.
optics, such as glass spheres, are no longer present.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.4 The assessment techniques in this practice are based on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
best practices and designed to provide three levels of confi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dence in terms of quantifying the retroreflective performance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of markings. Each technique represents a tradeoff between the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
number of measurements and the confidence of the retroreflec-
tive performance of the markings under study.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This practice can be used by agencies as is or may be
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
customized to meet an agency’s specific needs. Where
D4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-
applicable, the practice describes areas where different as-
ings
sumptions could be made, which would impact the sampling
D6359 Specification for Minimum Retroreflectance of
needs and the confidence levels of the results.When deviations
Newly Applied Pavement Marking Using Portable Hand-
from this practice are made, they shall be documented in the
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Operated Instruments (Withdrawn 2006)
test report.
E284 Terminology of Appearance
NOTE 1—When measuring newly installed pavement markings, there
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
are several factors that contribute to erroneous values for measurements
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Highway Traffic Control Materials. the ASTM website.
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