ASTM C1557-03e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus of Fibers
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus of Fibers
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, mounting, and testing of single fibers (obtained either from a fiber bundle or a spool) for the determination of tensile strength and Young's modulus at ambient temperature. Advanced ceramic, glass, carbon and other fibers are covered by this test standard.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 1557 – 03
Standard Test Method for
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Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus of Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—Fig. 3 was editorially corrected in June 2004.
1. Scope 3.1.3 system compliance—the contribution by the load train
system and specimen-gripping system to the indicated cross-
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, mounting, and
head displacement, by unit of force exerted in the load train.
testing of single fibers (obtained either from a fiber bundle or
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
a spool) for the determination of tensile strength and Young’s
refer to Terminologies D 3878 and E 6.
modulus at ambient temperature. Advanced ceramic, glass,
carbon and other fibers are covered by this test standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
4.1 A fiber is extracted randomly from a bundle or from a
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
spool.
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
4.2 The fiber is mounted in the testing machine, and then
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
stressed to failure at a constant cross-head displacement rate.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
4.3 Avalid test result is considered to be one in which fiber
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
failure doesn’t occur in the gripping region.
2. Referenced Documents 4.4 Tensile strength is calculated from the ratio of the peak
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force and the cross-sectional area of a plane perpendicular to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the fiber axis, at the fracture location or in the vicinity of the
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
fracture location, while Young’s modulus is determined from
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced
thelinearregionofthetensilestressversustensilestraincurve.
Ceramics
D 3878 Terminology of High-Modulus Reinforcing Fibers
5. Significance and Use
and their Composites
5.1 Properties determined by this test method are useful in
E 4 Practices for Load Verification of Testing Machines
the evaluation of new fibers at the research and development
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
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levels. Fibers with diameters up to 250 3 10 m are covered
ing
by this test method. Very short fibers (including whiskers) call
E 1382 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
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for specialized test techniques (1) and are not covered by this
Using Semiautomatic and Automatic Image Analysis
test method. This test method may also be useful in the initial
3. Terminology screeningofcandidatefibersforapplicationsinpolymer,metal
or ceramic matrix composites, and quality control purposes.
3.1 Definitions:
Because of their nature, ceramic fibers do not have a unique
3.1.1 bundle—a collection of parallel fibers. Synonym, tow.
strength, but rather, a distribution of strengths. In most cases
3.1.2 mounting tab—a thin paper, cardboard, compliant
when the strength of the fibers is controlled by one population
metal, or plastic strip with a center hole or longitudinal slot of
of flaws, the distribution of fiber strengths can be described
fixed gage length. The mounting tab should be appropriately
using a two-parameter Weibull distribution, although other
designed to be self-aligning if possible, and as thin as practi-
distributions have also been suggested (2,3). This test method
cable to minimize fiber misalignment.
constitutes a methodology to obtain the strength of a single
fiber. For the purpose of determining the parameters of the
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
distribution of fiber strengths it is recommended to follow this
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on
test method in conjunction with Practice C 1239.
Ceramic Matrix Composites .
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published August 2003.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
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C1557–03
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