ASTM D5828-97(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and Engine Coolant Concentrates
Standard Test Method for Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and Engine Coolant Concentrates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test was developed to mimic the formation of insolubles observed in some heavy-duty diesel cooling systems during the mid 1980s. It measures the compatibility of SCA and coolant concentrate solutions according to their tendency to form insolubles in service.6 Such insoluble materials may accumulate within a cooling system, restrict heat transfer through radiator cores, and contribute to the damage of components such as water pumps.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compatibility of commercial SCA and commercial ethylene and propylene glycol engine coolant concentrates. This test method focuses on the solubility of specific chemical species formed in the engine coolant. The short duration of the test (24 h), among other restrictions, makes the test method of limited use for sorting out a variety of chemical compatibility problems in which a component of the SCA may react with a component of the coolant additive package. The test as currently written also does not deal with the issue of hard water compatibility, in which a component of the coolant or SCA additive package reacts with the hardness (Ca and Mg) to form a precipitate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5828–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and
Engine Coolant Concentrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Supplemental coolant additives (SCAs) are used to impart special properties, usually resistance to
cavitation corrosion, to engine coolants used in diesel engines with replaceable cylinder liner sleeves.
Engines with this design require additives that are not normally found in commercial engine coolant
concentrates.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compat-
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
ibility of commercial SCA and commercial ethylene and
D3585 SpecificationforASTMReferenceFluidforCoolant
propylene glycol engine coolant concentrates.This test method
Tests
focuses on the solubility of specific chemical species formed in
the engine coolant.The short duration of the test (24 h), among
3. Terminology
other restrictions, makes the test method of limited use for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sorting out a variety of chemical compatibility problems in
3.1.1 engine coolant concentrate—an undiluted ethylene or
which a component of the SCAmay react with a component of
propylene glycol containing additives and only a small amount
the coolant additive package. The test as currently written also
of water, usually less than 5 %.
does not deal with the issue of hard water compatibility, in
3.1.2 reference engine coolant concentrate—a standard ma-
which a component of the coolant or SCA additive package
terial prepared according to the formulary given in Annex A2
reacts with the hardness (Ca and Mg) to form a precipitate.
of this test method. This material should not be confused with
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
reference coolant in accordance with Specification D3585.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.3 reference supplemental coolant additive (SCA)—a
only.
standard SCA prepared according to the formulary given in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Annex A1 of this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 supplemental coolant additive—a liquid or solid ma-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terial that is added to a coolant at a specified concentration.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A mixture of engine coolant concentrate and deionized
2. Referenced Documents
2 water containing approximately twice the recommended con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
centration of SCA is heated to 88°C (190°F) for 24 h. The
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
solution is centrifuged after returning to ambient temperature,
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
and the amount of insoluble material is determined volumetri-
cally and compared to the amount of insolubles obtained with
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
a mixture of standard reference SCA and reference engine
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.11 on Heavy Duty
coolant.
Coolants.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published May 1998. Originally
5. Significance and Use
published as D5828 – 95. DOI: 10.1520/D5828-97R02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 This test was developed to mimic the formation of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
insolublesobservedinsomeheavy-dutydieselcoolingsystems
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
during the mid 1980s. It measures the compatibility of SCA
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5828–97 (2002)
and coolant concentrate solutions according to their tendency
to form insolubles in service. Such insoluble materials may
accumulate within a cooling system, restrict heat transfer
through radiator cores, and contribute to the damage of
components such as water pumps.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Two-pan General Laboratory Balance, 1 to 2-kg capac-
ity.
6.2 Centrifuge Tube, 100-mL capacity in accordance with
Test Method D1796.
6.3 Centrifuge, capable of maintaining 500 rcf, with trun-
nions and specimen holders suitable for the tube described in
6.2.
6.4 Constant Temperature Oil Bath, or equivalent, capable
of maintaining the test temperature at 88°C (190°F), within
61°C (2°F).
6.5 Condenser Tube, glass, approximately 5-mm outside
diameter by 3-mm inside diameter by 300-mm long.
6.6 Rubber Stoppers, to fit the centrifuge tube with a single
hole for the glass condenser tube.
6.7 Rubber Stoppers, as above but without a hole.
6.8 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL capacity to deliver.
6.9 Pipette, to deliver volumes from 1 to 10 mL in 1-mL
increments.
6.10 Analytical Balance, for preparing reference materials
and capable of weighing within an accuracy of 60.2 mg or
better.
NOTE 1—(A) nichrome wire, (B) condenser tube, and (C) immersion
level.
7. Reagents and Materials
FIG. 1 Apparatus Assembly
7.1 Coolant Concentrate, and SCA for evaluation.
7.2 Reference SCA, and coolant concentrate solutions (see (volume of the centrifuge tube) less 60 mL (volume of coolant
Annex A1 and Annex A2). concentrate required) less 6 mL (volume of SCA required).
7.3 Deionized Water, in accordance with Specification
NOTE 1—Using hard water will greatly influence the amount of
D1193.
solubles formed. Testing the purity of the water with a conductivity meter
7.4 Nichrome Wire, or stainless steel wire.
is recommended.
7.5 Filter Paper, Whatman No. 4 or equivalent.
NOTE 2—If the SCA is a solid, prepare a sufficient volume of a
7.6 Plastic Containers, to store solutions. Polyethylene or concentrated solution of the SCA in deionized water.
polypropylene containers with screw caps are satisfactory.
8.4 Pipette the required volume of SCA into the mixture of
coolantconcentrateandwater.Thesequenceofmixingmustbe
8. Procedure
as follows: coolant concentrate, water, SCAsolution. Cap with
8.1 Compatibility testing of SCAshall be conducted using a
a solid rubber stopper and agitate thoroughly.
ratio of 60 parts of coolant concentrate to 40 parts of a
NOTE 3—Glycol and water mixtures exhibit a volume contraction due
water-SCA mixture. The level of SCA in the total 60:40
to the partial molal volume effect. The final volume of the mixture should
mixture will be approximately twice the SCA manufacturer’s
be less than 100 mL, as indicated in Fig. 1.
recommended concentration.
8.5 In a similar manner, add 60 mL of reference coolant
8.2 Fill a 100-mL centrifuge tube to the 60-mL mark with
concentrate, 34 mL of deionized water, and 6 mL of reference
coolant concentrate.
SCA solution to a second 100-mL centrifuge tube, and agitate
8.3 Determine the volume of water to be added based on the
thoroughly. The reference coolant must be used within 30 days
physical state and the recommended concentration of SCA to
of preparation. Discard and prepare a new reference if any
be evaluated. Add this volume of water to the centrifuge tube
insoluble material is observed.
using a graduated cylinder. For example, if the SCAis a liquid
8.6 Replace the rubber stoppers with clean air condensers
to be added at the recommended concentration of 3 % by
prepared by inserting a 300-mm (12-in.) length of glass tubing
volume, twice the recommended concentration is 6 % or 6 mL.
through a properly sized one-hole stopper.
The volume of water to be added is 34 mL. This is 100 mL
8.7 Insert a length of dry Nichrome or stainless steel wire
into the condenser past the bottom of the condenser tube.
Immerse the centrifuge tube to the level of the solution in a
Hercamp and Hudgens, “Silicate Gelation in Heavy-Duty Engine Cooling
Systems,” Paper No. 852327, Society of Automotive Engineers, December 1985. constanttemperaturebathat88°C(190°F)for24h(seeFig.1).
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