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ASTM F1370-92

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard

Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers self-contained, globe style, pressure-reducing valves for use in water systems of shipboard installations. These valves are limited to discharge pressure settings of 200 psig (1379 kPa) and below.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the tests portion, Section , of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1991
ICS
23.060.40 - Pressure regulators
47.020.30 - Piping systems
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F1370-92(2005) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1994-99(2023) - Standard Test Method for Shipboard Fixed Foam Firefighting Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992

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ASTM F1370-92 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, ShipboardASTM F1370-92 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
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ASTM F1370-92 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1370 – 92
Standard Specification for
Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B 61 Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings
B 62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal
1.1 This specification covers self-contained, globe style,
Castings
pressure-reducing valves for use in water systems of shipboard
B 148 Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand Castings
installations. These valves are limited to discharge pressure
B 150 Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and
settings of 200 psig (1379 kPa) and below.
Shapes
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
B 637 Specification for Precipitation Hardening Nickel Al-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
loy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-
information only.
Temperature Service
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
B 689 Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel
tests portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard
Coatings
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
F 467 Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General Use
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
F 468 Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws,
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and Studs for General Use
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
F 593 Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap
to use.
Screws, and Studs
2. Referenced Documents
F 594 Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
2.2 ANSI Standards:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ANSI B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
A 125 Specification for Steel Springs, Helical, Heat
ANSI B1.12 Class 5 Interference, Fit Thread
Treated
2.3 ISA Standards:
A 193 Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel
S75.01 Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves
Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service
S75.02 Control Valve Capacity Test Procedure
A 194 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for
2.4 Federal Specifications:
Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service
QQ-B-637 Brass, Naval: Rod, Wire, Shapes, Forgings, and
A 231 Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel
Flat Products with Finished Edges (Bar, Flat Wire, and
Spring Wire
Strip)
A 276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
QQ-C-390 Copper Alloy Casting (Including Cast Bar)
Bars and Shapes
QQ-C-465 Copper-Aluminum Alloys (Aluminum Bronze)
A 313 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
(CopperAlloy Numbers 606, 6014, 630, 632M, and 642);
Spring Wire
Rod, Flat Products with Finished Edges (Flat Wire, Strip,
A 689 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for
and Bar) Shapes, and Forgings
Springs
QQ-N-281 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet,
B 21 Specification for Naval Brass, Rod, Bar, and Shapes
Strip, Wire, Forgings, and Structural and Special Shaped
B 26 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings
Sections
1 7
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-25 on Ships Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.13 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
Piping Systems. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
Current edition approved Feb. 3, 1992. Published November 1992. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3 11
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. Available from Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, 67 Alex-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. ander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
5 12
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02. 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1370 – 92
QQ-N-286 Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought 3.1.3 hydrostatic proof test pressure—the maximum test
(UNS N05500) pressure that the valve is required to withstand without
QQ-N-288 Nickel-Copper Alloy and Nickel-CopperSilicon damage; valve operation is not required during application of
Alloy, Castings this test pressure, but the valve must meet all performance
QQ-S-763 Steel Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forgings, Corro- requirements after the pressure has been removed.
sion Resisting 3.1.4 lockup pressure—the outlet pressure delivered by a
QQ-S-766 Steel Corrosion Resisting Plate, Sheet and Strip pressure-reducing valve when the flow is reduced to zero;
QQ-W-390 Wire, Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy lockup pressure is always greater than set pressure, and in
TT-P-645 Primer Paint, Zinc Chromate, Alkyd Type actual practice it may vary with the specific valve design,
2.5 Military Standards and Specifications: tolerances,methodofsensingdownstreampressure,andpiping
MIL-V-3 Valves, Fittings, and Flanges (Except for Systems configurations.
Indicated Herein), Packaging of 3.1.5 nominal pressure—the approximate maximum pres-
MIL-S-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact), Shipboard sure to which the valve will be subjected in service under
Machinery, Equipment and Systems, Requirements for normal conditions.
MIL-F-1183 Fittings, Pipe, Cast Bronze, Silver-Brazing, 3.1.6 set pressure—the downstream pressure that the valve
General Specification for issettomaintainunderagivensetofoperatingconditions(that
DOD-P-15328 Primer (Wash), Pretreatment (Formula No. is, inlet pressure and flow); the valve should ideally be set at
117 for Metals) (Metric) downstream pressure approximately equal to the midpoint of
MIL-F-20042 Flanges, Pipe and Bulkhead, Bronze (Silver the set pressure limits (defined in 3.1.7).
Brazing) 3.1.7 set pressure limits (set pressure adjustable range)—
MIL-C-20159 Copper-Nickel Alloy Casting (UNS No. the range of set pressure over which the valve can be adjusted
C96200 and C96400) while meeting the specified performance requirements.
MIL-F-24227 Fittings and Flanges, Cast Bronze, Silver
4. Classification
Brazing Suitable for Ultrasonic Inspection
4.1 Valves shall be of the following types and pressure
MIL-B-24480 Bronze, Nickel-Aluminum (UNS No.
C95800) Castings for Seawater Service ratings, as specified (see Section 5 and 6.1.21).
4.1.1 Type I—Pressurized spring chamber, and
MIL-S-81733 Sealing and Coating Compound, Corrosion
Inhibitive 4.1.2 Type II—Unpressurized spring chamber.
4.2 Pressure Ratings—Valves shall have nominal inlet pres-
MIL-STD-167-1 Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard
Equipment (Type I—Environmental, and Type II— sure ratings of 150 or 250 psig (1034 or 1724 kPa), or as
specified (see 6.1.21).
Internally Excited)
MIL-STD-248 Welding and Brazing Procedure and Perfor-
5. Ordering Information
mance Qualification
5.1 Ordering documentation for valves in accordance with
MIL-STD-278 Welding and Casting Standard
this specification shall include the following information, as
MIL-STD-798 Non-destructive Testing, Welding, Quality
required, to describe the equipment adequately.
Control,MaterialControlandIdentification,andHi-shock
5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
Test Requirements for Piping System Components for
5.1.2 Valve specification code (see 6.1.21),
Naval Shipboard Use
5.1.3 Quantity of valves,
2.6 Other Publications:
5.1.4 Set pressure required,
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA)
5.1.5 Set pressure limits, if not listed in 7.1.4,
2.7 Drawings:
5.1.6 Face-to-face dimensions for valves, if not listed in
803-1385946 Union Bronze, Silver Brazing WOG for UT
Table 1,
Inspection
5.1.7 Regulation accuracy required, if other than as given in
803-1385947 Flanges, Bronze, 700 PSI WOG for UT In-
7.1.5,
spection
5.1.8 When a choke feature is required (see 6.1.2),
3. Terminology
5.1.9 When tailpieces and nuts are required (see 6.1.15),
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
5.1.10 Capacity requirement of valves, if not listed in Table
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2 (see 7.1.6), and
3.1.1 accuracy of regulation—the amount by which the
5.1.11 Supplementary requirements, if any (see S1 through
downstream pressure may vary when the valve is set at any
S4).
pressure within the required set pressure limit and is subjected
6. Valve Construction and Coding
to any combination of inlet pressure, flow demand, and
ambient temperature variations within the specified limits. 6.1 Valves shall incorporate the design features specified in
3.1.2 design pressure and temperature—themaximumpres- 6.1.1 through 6.1.21.
sure and temperature the valve should be subjected to under 6.1.1 Materials of Construction—Materials shall be as
any condition; these are the pressure and temperature upon specified in Table 3. All materials shall be selected to prevent
which the strength of the pressure-containing envelope is corrosion, galling, seizing, excessive wear, or erosion where
based. applicable. Cadmium plating is prohibited.
F 1370 – 92
TABLE 1 Face-to-Face Dimensions, in. (mm), 6 ⁄16 (1.59)
Flanged End Union End Flanged End Union End
150 and 250 psig
Size, in. (mm)
150 psig 250 psig 400 psig 700 psig 400 psig 700 psig
(1034 and 1724
(1034 kPa) (1724 kPa) (2758 kPa) (4826 kPa) (2758 kPa) (4826 kPa)
kPa)
1 7 7 7 7
0.25 (6.35) 7 ⁄4 7 ⁄8 7 ⁄32 7 ⁄8 7 ⁄32
1 7 9 9 9
0.37 (9.40) 7 ⁄4 (184) 7 ⁄8 (200) 7 ⁄32 (185) 7 ⁄32 (185) 7 ⁄32(185)
1 7 9 1 1 9 9
0.50 (12.7) 7 ⁄4 (184) 7 ⁄8 (200) 7 ⁄32 (185) 6 ⁄2 (165) 6 ⁄2(165) 7 ⁄32 (185) 7 ⁄32 (185)
3 7 1 1 1
0.75 (19.05) 7 ⁄8 (187) 7 ⁄8 (200) 7 ⁄2 (191) 7 ⁄2 (191) 7 ⁄2(191) 8 (203) 8 (203)
3 1 1 1 3 3
1.00 (25.4) 7 ⁄8 (187) 8 (203) 7 ⁄2 (191) 8 ⁄2 (216) 8 ⁄2 (216) 8 ⁄4 (222) 8 ⁄4(222)
15 11 5 1 1
1.25 (31.75) 7 ⁄16 (202) 8 ⁄16 (221) 8 ⁄32 (207) 9 (229) 9 (229) 9 ⁄2 (241) 9 ⁄2 (241)
3 1 31 1 1
1.50 (38.1) 8 ⁄4 (222) 9 ⁄2 (241) 8 ⁄32 (228) 9 ⁄2 (241) 9 ⁄2(241) 10 (254) 10 (254)
3 7 1 1 7 7
2.00 (50.8) 10 (254) 10 ⁄4 (273) 10 ⁄32 (260) 11 ⁄2 (292) 11 ⁄2(292) 11 ⁄8 (302) 11 ⁄8 (302)
7 3
2.50 (63.5) 10 ⁄8 (276) 11 ⁄4(298) 13 (330) 13 (330)
5 1
3.00 (76.2) 11 ⁄8 (295) 12 ⁄2(318) 14 (356) 14 (356)
5 5
3.50 (88.9) 11 ⁄8 (295) 12 ⁄8(321)
1 1
4.00 (101.6) 13 ⁄2 (343) 14 ⁄2(368) 16 (406) 17 (432)
TABLE 2 Minimum Required Valve C for Types I and II, 150 and 250 psig (1034 and 1724 kPa) Rated Valves with 5 to 30 psig (34 to
v
207 kPa), 25 to 60 psig (172 to 414 kPa), and 50 to 100 psig (345 to 689 kPa) Set Pressure Adjustable Ranges
5 to 30 psig (34 to 207 kPa) 25 to 60 (172 to 414 kPa) psig 50 to 100 psig (345 to 689 kPa)
Set Pressure Adjustable Range Set Pressure Adjustable Range Set Pressure Adjustable Range
Size, in. (mm)
Set Pressure, psig (kPa)
10 (69) 20 (138) 30 (207) 30 (207) 45 (310) 60 (414) 60 (414) 80 (552) 100 (689)
0.25 (6.35) 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.37 (9.40) 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
0.50 (12.70) 2.5 3 3.5 2 2.5 3 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.75 (19.05) 3 3.5 4 2.5 3 3.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
1.00(25.40) 456345 2.6 3.3 4.0
1.25 (31.75) 5.5 7.5 9 5 7 8.5 3.5 4.5 5.5
1.50 (38.10) 7 10 12 6.5 9.5 11.5 5.0 6.0 7.0
2.00 (50.80) 15 20 25 12 17 22 11 13 15
2.50 (63.50) 30 35 40 25 30 35 24 27 30
3.00 (76.20) 45 50 55 40 45 50 35 40 45
3.50 (88.90) 55 60 65 50 55 60 45 50 55
4.00 (101.60) 70 75 80 65 70 75 60 65 70
6.1.2 General Requirements—Valves shall be self- pressures for the pressure-containing envelope (body, spring
contained, spring-loaded, direct-operated, pressure-reducing housing, and bottom cap) shall be as specified in Table 4. The
valves incorporating a balanced valve element. Reduced pres- design temperature (see 3.1.2) is also given in Table 4.
sure (not to exceed 200 psig (1379 kPa)) shall be sensed by a 6.1.4 Body Passages—Body passages shall produce gradual
diaphragm and compared with a reference spring load. Any changes in flow direction so as to reduce any effects of
force imbalance shall be transmitted directly to and positively concentrated impingement and 90° turns. In portions of the
reposition a single-seated valve element to limit the set point valve subject to velocity increases and flow direction changes,
error within the limits specified in 7.1.5. Type I valves shall be such as immediately downstream of the seat, the 90° impinge-
valves in which the spring chamber in combination with the ment against the walls at close range shall be avoided. The
body and bottom cap forms a pressure-containing envelope body cavity downstream of the seat shall present a high angle
capable of withstanding the full hydrostatic proof test. These (70 to 90°) of incidence to the issuing jet. At points at which
valves shall be specified for special applications in which it is direct impingement at close range does occur and cannot be
necessary to contain the line media in the event of a failure that eliminated, the section thickness shall be increased substan-
subjects the spring chamber to full inlet pressure. The spring tially to provide adequate material to withstand the additional
chamber assembly need not be leakproof; however, it shall erosive effect.
contain line media at hydrostatic proof test pressure without 6.1.5 Diaphragm Construction—The main diaphragm shall
structural failure and shall limit external leakage to a small beclampedbetweenflangesonthebodyandspringchamberto
seepage (in drip form) past the adjusting screw threads and ensure a leaktight flange seal. The flange faces shall have
spring chamber joint. Type I valves shall also incorporate a sufficient width, and all edges in contact with the diaphragm
choke feature on the poppet to limit capacity in the event of a shall be properly chamfered or rounded to prevent cutting or
diaphragm failure, where specified (see Section 5). Type II tearing of the diaphragm. The valve and diaphragm shall
valves shall be valves in which the spring chamber does not withstand a pressure differential across the diaphragm of twice
form part of the pressure-containing envelope. the highest set pressure or 200 psig (1379 kPa), whichever is
6.1.3 Pressure Envelope Rating—The nominal inlet (see greater, for Type I valves. For Type II valves, this pressure
3.1.5), design (see 3.1.2), and hydrostatic proof te
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SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

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ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2170/D2170M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM
ASTM E1894-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D187-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since the information provided by this test method is largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following characteristics are required in referring to this test method in specifications for kerosene:  
5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
5.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions during the test;  
5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Note 1: The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tendencies of the kerosene, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosene. Both test methods subject the kerosene to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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