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ASTM D4304-22

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral lubricating oils used in steam and gas turbine lubricating systems where the performance requirements demand a highly refined mineral base oil compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This specification is intended to define the properties of new mineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics. The lubricating oils shall meet the functional property limits specified for each type, as follows: ISO-viscosity grade; ASTM color; specific gravity, flash point, and pour point; water content and viscosity; visual examination; total acid number; emulsion characteristics; foaming characteristics; air release; rust preventing characteristics; copper corrosion; oxidation stability; 1000-h TOST sludge and total acid number; and cleanliness at the delivery stage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication systems where the performance requirements demand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.  
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery.  
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform satisfactorily in some turbines.  
1.5 This specification does not include API Group V fluids. For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based gas turbines, the user is referred to the current version of military specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance requirements. For phosphate ester fluids used as turbine lubricants or steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user is referred to the current version of Specification D4293 for fluid performance requirements.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2022
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D7155-20 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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REDLINE ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesREDLINE ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4304 −22
Standard Specification for
Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas
1
Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lubrication systems where the performance requirements de-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
mandhighlyrefinedmineralorsyntheticbaseoilscompounded
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as
needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This
2. Referenced Documents
standard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbine
2
systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy Open Cup Tester
efficiency. D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
compatible with most existing machinery components, and
ity)
with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their func-
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
tional characteristics.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubri-
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
cating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
ing Oils
possible that oils that do not meet this specification may
perform satisfactorily in some turbines. D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
Mineral Oils
1.5 This specification does not includeAPI Group V fluids.
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based gas
Indicator Titration
turbines, the user is referred to the current version of military
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance require-
and Synthetic Fluids
ments. For phosphate ester fluids used as turbine lubricants or
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user
(ASTM Color Scale)
is referred to the current version of Specification D4293 for
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
fluid performance requirements.
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
cosity System
standard.
D3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4304 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4304-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D43
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4304 − 17 D4304 − 22
Standard Specification for
Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas
1
Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication
systems where the performance requirements demand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compounded with rust and
oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may also
be applied to “combined cycle” turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and
gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are
functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with
appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform
satisfactorily in some turbines.
1.5 This specification does not include API Group V fluids. For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based gas turbines, the
user is referred to the current version of military specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance requirements. For phosphate
ester fluids used as turbine lubricants or steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user is referred to the current
version of Specification D4293 for fluid performance requirements.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2022. Published June 2017December 2022. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
D4304 – 13.D4304 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D4304-17.10.1520/D4304-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4304 − 22
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rot
...

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Section  
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Scope  
1  
Referenced documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Methods  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General Laboratory Requirements  
6.1  
Test Engine  
6.2  
Test Engine Accessories and Parts  
6.3  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Test Oil Sample Requirements  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Engine Inspection  
9.1  
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush  
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Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections  
9.3  
Engine Assembly  
9.4  
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly  
9.5  
Calibration of Engine Test Stand  
10  
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration  
10.1  
Runs  
10.2  
Specified Test Parameters  
10.3  
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria  
10.4  
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test  
10.5  
Test Numbering  
10.6  
Reference Oils  
10.7  
Severity Adjustments  
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Engine Operating Procedure  
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1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
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9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
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9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
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9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
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Calibration and Standardization  
10  
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10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
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10.3  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.4  
Fuel Injectors  
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10.6  
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10.7  
Fuel Filter  
10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
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Calibration of Test Stands  
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Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
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Test Run Numbering  
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Humidity Calibration Requirements  
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Engine Break-in Procedure  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.  
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5.2.1 Specification D4485.  
5.2.2 API 1509.  
5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.  
5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilogram per kilowatt hour.  
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Subject  
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General  
6.1  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.2  
Laboratory Ambient Conditions  
6.3  
Engine Speed and Torque Control  
6.4  
Dynamometer  
6.4.1  
Dynamometer Torque  
6.4.2  
Engine Cooling System  
6.5  
External Oil System  
6.6  
Fuel System  
6.7  
Fuel Flow Measurement  
6.7.2  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter  
6.7.3  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.7.4  
Fuel Supply Pumps  
6.7.5  
Fuel Filtering  
6.7.6  
Engine Intake Air Supply  
6.8  
Intake Air Humidity  
6.8.1  
Intake Air Filtration  
6.8.2  
Intake Air Pressure Relief  
6.8.3  
Temperature Measurement  
6.9  
Thermocouple Location  
6.9.5  
AFR Determination  
6.10  
Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems  
6.11  
Exhaust Manifolds  
6.11.1  
Laboratory Exhaust System  
6.11.2  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.11.3  
Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations  
6.12  
Engine Oil  
6.12.2  
Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter  
6.12.3  
Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.12.4  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.12.5  
Intake Air  
6.12.6  
Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure  
6.12.7  
Coolant Flow Differential Pressure  
6.12.8  
Crankcase Pressure  
6.12.9  
Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus  
6.13  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.13.1  
ECU (Power Control Module)  
6.13.2  
Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate  
6.13.3  
Wiring Harness  
6.13.4  
Thermostat Block-Off Plate  
6.13.5  
Oil Filter Adapter Plate  
6.13.6  
Modified Throttle Body Assembly  
6.13.7  
Fuel Rail  
6.13.8  
Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation  
6.14  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Engine Oil  
7.1  
Test Fuel  
7.2  
Engine Coolant  
7.3  
Cleaning Materials...

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ASTM
ASTM D5770-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a semiquantitative estimate of the acid number of lubricating oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974, D664, or D3339. It has specific application in Test Method D943 and in Test Method D4871. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of lubricating oils by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under various oxidizing test conditions.  
5.2 Since this test method is semiquantitative, each laboratory shall develop its own criteria for each oxidation test method for determining when to switch from this semiquantitative test method to a more precise test method for acid number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1: This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8111-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and piston deposits during moderately high-speed, hightemperature service.  
5.1.1 The increase in kinematic viscosity of the oil indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures.  
5.1.2 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. In automotive service, such ring sticking can cause a loss of compression pressures in the engine.  
5.2 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and piston deposits. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test.  
5.3 The Sequence IIIH engine oil test has been recommended as a replacement for the Sequence IIIG test and is expected to be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.3.1 Specification D4485.  
5.3.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104.  
5.3.3 SAE Classification J183.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening (as measured by kinematic viscosity increase), piston deposits, ring sticking, oil consumption, and phosphorus retention. Such oils include both single-viscosity and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.  
1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a Sequence IIIHA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), or a Sequence IIIHB Test (phosphorus retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, and valve sizes and springs.
1.2.1.2 The ring end gaps in Table A8.7, the dimensions for the blowby ventilation support bracket in Fig. A3.2, and the torque wrenches in Table A8.1 are in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.11.6, 7.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8256-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This VH test method was correlated with the previous VG test method, which was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services.  
5.2 This test method, along with other test methods are used to define an engine oils minimum performance level necessary to meet certification requirements for API Category Specifications as outlined in Specification D4485. This test method may also be incorporated in automobile manufacturers’ factory–fill specifications.  
5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VH test, and it has been correlated with the Sequence VG test. The Sequence VG test was previously correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SN, SN Plus performance category.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.  
1.3 A table of contents follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus (General Description)  
6  
Apparatus (The Test Engine)  
7  
Sequence VH Test Engine  
7.1  
Required New Engine Parts  
7.2  
Reusable Engine Parts  
7.3  
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts  
7.4  
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment  
7.5  
Miscellaneous Engine Components—Preparation  
7.6  
Solvents and Cleaners Required  
7.7  
Assembling the Test Engine—Preparations  
7.8  
Assembling the Test Engine—Installations  
7.9  
Engine Installation on the Test Stand  
7.10  
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems)  
8  
Intake Air  
8.1  
Fuel and Fuel System  
8.2  
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System  
8.3  
Coolants  
8.4  
Measurement Instrumentation  
9  
Temperatures  
9.1  
Pressures  
9.2  
Flow Rates  
9.3  
Fuel Consumption  
9.4  
Speed and Torque  
9.5  
Exhaust Gas  
9.6  
Humidity  
9.7  
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment  
10  
Test Stand Calibration  
11  
Test Procedure  
12  
Pre-Test Procedure  
12.1  
Engine Operating Procedure  
12.2  
Periodic Measurements and Functions  
12.3  
Special Maintenance Procedures  
12.4  
Diagnostic Data Review  
12.5  
End of Test Procedure  
12.6  
Interpretation of Test Results  
13  
Parts Rating Area—Environment  
13.1  
Sludge Ratings  
13.2  
Varnish Ratings  
13.3  
Clogging  
13.4  
Sticking  
13.5  
Used Oil Analyses  
13.6  
Assessment of Test Validity  
14  
General  
14.1  
Used Oil Analyses—Interpretation  
14.2  
Blowby Flow Rate  
14.3  
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)  
14.4  
Fuel Consumption Rate  
14.5  
Oil Consumption  
14.6  
Engine Parts Replacement  
14.7  
Quality Index  
14.8  
Final Test Report  
15  
Report Forms  
15.1  
Precision and Bias  
16  
Keywords  
17  
ANNEXES  
ASTM TMC: Organization  
Annex A1  
ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures  
Annex A2  
ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities  
Annex A3  
ASTM TMC: Related Information  
Annex A4  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A5  
Control and Data Acquis...

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