ASTM D7983-17(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics
Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be useful in characterizing and comparing shrinkage properties of both primary and secondary backing fabrics. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating shrinkage, in both wet and dry conditions, of woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. Determination of carpet backing shrinkage was previously contained within Test Methods D2646. For consistency, Subcommittee D13.21 extracted this portion and created a separate test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7983 − 17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Shrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,
shrinkage, in both wet and dry conditions, of woven, knitted D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manu-
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
facture of pile yarn floor coverings. Determination of carpet
backing fabric, nonwoven fabric, shrinkage.
backing shrinkage was previously contained within Test Meth-
3.1.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
ods D2646. For consistency, Subcommittee D13.21 extracted
Terminology D123.
this portion and created a separate test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati-
4.1 HOT WET Procedure—The backing fabric is first mea-
cal conversions to SI units that are provided for information
sured to a specific length in each principle direction.The fabric
only and are not considered standard.
then is immersed in hot distilled or deionized water, dried, and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
remeasured.Theshrinkageiscalculatedasthechangeinlength
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
expressed as a percentage of the length before immersion.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 HOT DRY Procedure—The backing fabric is first mea-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sured to a specific length in each principle direction.The fabric
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is then exposed to dry heat and remeasured. The shrinkage is
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
calculated as the change in length expressed as a percentage of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the length before exposure.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.1 This test method can be useful in characterizing and
comparing shrinkage properties of both primary and secondary
backing fabrics. This test method is considered satisfactory for
2. Referenced Documents
acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current
2.1 ASTM Standards:
estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
this test method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
testing.
D2646 GuideforBackingFabricCharacteristicsofPileYarn
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance
Floor Coverings
between reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
statistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-
ASTM Test Methods
tance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative
teststhatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published March 2022. Originally
from the laboratories should be compared using statistical test
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7983-17. DOI:
10.1520/D7983-17R22.
for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and corrected, or future test results for that material must be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7983 − 17 (2022)
6. Sampling
6.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
at random the number of rolls or pieces, as directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between
the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of
material to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of
such agreement, take one roll or piece from the lot to be tested.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
between rolls or pieces of floor covering and between specimens from a
roll or pieces of floor covering to provide a sampling plan with a
meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and
limiting quality level.
6.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, take a
sample from a roll approximately 1.5 yd (1.5 m) long extend-
ing the width of the material from each roll or piece in the lot.
Excludefabricfromtheouterwrapoftherollortheinnerwrap
around the core.
6.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
FIG. 1 Diagram for Marking
take three specimens as described in 8.2.1.
7. Conditioning
stretching or applying excessive tension to the fabric during
7.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776
measurement. Record these measurements as original lengths.
in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
8.4 Procedure:
8. Procedure—Option 1: Hot Water Method
8.4.1 Place the specimens in the pan and cover them to a
8.1 Apparatus:
depth of approximately 1 in. (25 mm) with a solution of 0.1 %
8.1.1 Metal or Glass Pan, approximately 13 in. by 13 in.
wetting agent in tap water brought to an initial temperature of
(330 mm by 330 mm) by at least 1 in. (25 mm) deep.
170 °F 6 4 °F (77 °C 6 2 °C). Soak the specimen for 1 h.
8.1.2 Circulating Air Oven, controlled at 158 °F 6 4 °F (70
8.4.2 Drain off the wetting solution. Place the specimens on
°C 6 2 °C).
paper towels or blotting paper to remove the excess solution.
8.1.3 WaterproofMarker,orStapleGun,oranyotherdevice Do not squeeze or press.
that will produce a suitable waterproof mark.
8.4.3 Placethespecimensflatonascreenanddryinanoven
8.1.4 Reagent, sodium lauryl sulfate. for at least 4 h at 158 °F 6 4 °F (70 °C 6 2 °C). Remove the
8.1.5 Ruler or Digital Measurement Device, capable of
specimens from the oven and allow them to return to ambient
measuring to 0.1 in. (2 mm). room conditions.
8.4.4 Re-measurethemarkedspansofthespecimensinboth
8.2 Number of Specimens:
directions as directed in 8.3.2, and record the measurements as
8.2.1 From the 1.5 yd (1.5 m) fabric sample, cut three
final lengths.
specimens approximately 12 in. by 12 in. (30 cm by 30 cm)
each, spaced across the width of the roll. For woven fabrics 8.5 Calculation:
take no specimen containing the same warp yarns or the same
8.5.1 For each principle direction, average the measure-
filling picks and cut all specimens parallel to the warp and the
ments of the distance between the marks of the specimen
filling. Take no specimen closer than 10 in. (25 cm) to the
before and after treatment. For each specimen, calculate the
selvage and no closer than 1 yd (1 m) from the end of the roll.
shrinkage in percent by Eq 1 as follows:
Identify the principle directions of each specimen if necessary.
Shrinkage, % 5 L 2 L ⁄L 3 100 (1)
@~ ! #
1 f 1
8.3 Preparation of Specimens:
where
...
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