ASTM D6496/D6496M-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D6496/D6496M − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top
and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6496/D6496M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic
barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
geosynthetic material(s). D4439
the average bonding strength between the top and bottom
layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.1 The top and bottom layers of a geosynthetic clay liner
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
aregrippedindividuallyintensilegripsandpulledataconstant
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
rate of extension by a tensile testing machine until the top and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
bottom layers of the specimen separate. The average bonding
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
peel strength of the test specimen can be calculated from
with the standard.
machine scales, dials, recording charts, or an interface com-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
puter.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
isanticipatedthattheresultsofthetestwillbeusedtoevaluate
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the quality of the bonding process.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant rate of extension
(CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification
2. Referenced Documents
D76/D76Mshallbeusedwithaminimumprecisionmeasuring
2 –4
2.1 ASTM Standards: capability of 0.1 N/m [5.71 × 10 lbf/in.].
D76/D76MSpecification for Tensile Testing Machines for
6.2 Clamps—The clamps shall be a minimum 25 by
Textiles
100mm [1 by 4 in.] and with appropriate clamping power to
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
prevent slipping or crushing (damage).
6.3 Die or Template, 100 by 200 mm (61 mm) [4 by 8 in.].
3. Terminology
6.4 Miscellaneous—Knives, razor, and the like, as required.
3.1 Definitions:
7. Test Specimen
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
7.1 The sample received at the testing laboratory should be
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
in satisfactory condition and representative of the product
thetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally manufactured or delivered to a site, or both.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6496/D6496M–18.
7.2 The size of the die or template for cutting specimens is
DOI: 10.1520/D6496_D6496M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 100 by 200 mm [4 by 8 in.].
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.3 The loss of clay during the specimen cutting process
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. should have no bearing on the results of the test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6496/D6496M − 19
7.4 A minimum of five test specimens should be cut from 250mm [10 in.] of grip separation. The average recorded
the laboratory sample such that they are representative of the peeling force of the GCL over 200 mm [8 in.] of grip
entire roll width. All specimens should be parallel to the separation is required and will signify a complete test of the
machine direction. specimen. (See Fig. 1.)
NOTE 1—If significant elongation of the geotextile continues after
8. Conditioning
50mm [2 in.] additional grip peeling of the GCL, the recording interval
8.1 The
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6496/D6496M − 18 D6496/D6496M − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top
and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6496/D6496M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of
a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured wholly or in part from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other
geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of a project, structure, or system. D4439
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetic
material(s). D4439
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The top and bottom layers of a geosynthetic clay liner are gripped individually in tensile grips and pulled at a constant rate
of extension by a tensile testing machine until the top and bottom layers of the specimen separate. The average bonding peel
strength of the test specimen can be calculated from machine scales, dials, recording charts, or an interface computer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is
anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published June 2018May 2019. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 as
ɛ1
D6496/D6496M – 04a (2015)D6496/D6496M – 18. . DOI: 10.1520/D6496_D6496M-18.10.1520/D6496_D6496M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6496/D6496M − 19
6. Apparatus
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant rate of extension (CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification D76/D76M
–4
shall be used with a minimum precision measuring capability of 0.1 N/m [5.71 × 10 lbf/in.].
6.2 Clamps—The clamps shall be a minimum 25 by 100 mm [1 by 4 in.] and with appropriate clamping power to prevent
slipping or crushing (damage).
6.3 Die or Template, 100 by 200 mm (61 mm) [4 by 8 in.].
6.4 Miscellaneous—Knives, razor, and the like, as required.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The sample received at the testing laboratory should be in satisfactory condition and representative of the product
manufactured or delivered to a site, or both.
7.2 The size of the die or template for cutting specimens is 100 by 200 mm [4 by 8 in.].
7.3 The loss of clay during the spe
...
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