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ASTM D2244-02

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D 4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space  (1), CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94 tolerance units  (3), the DIN99 color difference formula given in DIN 6176 (4), or the new CIEDE2000 color difference units (5). The color differences based on Hunter LH, aH, bH opponent-color space (6), or the Friele-MacAdam-Chickering (FMC-2) color space (7), are no longer recommended for industrial practice.
1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2002
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.04 - Color and Appearance Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2244-93(2000) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences From Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D2244-02e1 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7932-17 - Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7445-18 - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding with Foam Plastic Backing (Backed Vinyl Siding)
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2243-20 - Standard Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM B915-22 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Static Heat Resistance of Self-Cleaning Oven Coating
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4726-18 - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windows and Doors
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM C1364-23 - Standard Specification for Architectural Cast Stone
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM E3040-22 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Instrumental Color Difference with a Gray Scale
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2248-01a(2018) - Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4459-21 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor Applications
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8330-20 - Standard Specification for Artists’ Pastels
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2301-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM D2244-02 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesASTM D2244-02 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
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ASTM D2244-02 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2244 – 02
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from
1
Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This practice originally resulted from the consolidation of a number of separately published
methods for the instrumental evaluation of color differences. As revised in 1979, it included four color
spaces in which color-scale values could be measured by instruments, many of which were obsolete,
and the color differences calculated by ten equations for different color scales. The sections on
apparatus, calibration standards and methods, and measurement procedures served little purpose in the
light of modern color-measurement technology. The revision published in 1993 omitted these sections,
and limited the color spaces and color-difference equations considered, to the three most widely used
in the paint and related coatings industry. This revision adds two new color tolerance equations and
puts two of the color difference equations from the 1993 version in an informative annex for historical
purposes. The Hunter L , a , b and FMC-2 color difference equations are no longer recommended.
H H H
This revision also changes the status of the standard from test method to practice.
1. Scope color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require
specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for
1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally
example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect
measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of
the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color
color tolerances and small color differences between opaque
difference and its commercial acceptability.
specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
visually alike in color, Practice D 4086 should be used to verify
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately
uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB
2. Referenced Documents
2
opponent-color space (1) , CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tolerance units (3), the DIN99 color difference formula given
D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
in DIN 6176 (4), or the new CIEDE2000 color difference units
3
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
(5). The color differences based on Hunter L , a , b
H H H
3
D 4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
opponent-color space (6), or the Friele-MacAdam-Chickering
3
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
(FMC-2) color space (7), are no longer recommended for
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
industrial practice.
3
Using the CIE System
1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller
E 805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test
3
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the
E 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for
3
Object-Color Evaluation
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
2.2 Other Standards:
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
DIN 6176 Farbmetrische, Bestimmung von Farbabständen
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
published as D 2244 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2244 – 93 (2000).
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
3
this standard. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for
...

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ASTM E1247-12(2023)(Practice)
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4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the relationship between the digital information supplied by a computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical description of this relationship can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in selecting terminology, measurement scales, and instrumentation for describing or evaluating such appearance characteristics as glossiness, opacity, lightness, transparency, and haziness in terms of reflected or transmitted light. This guide does not consider the spectral variations responsible for color, but the geometric variables described herein can importantly affect instrumentally measured values of color. This guide is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
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ASTM E2301-12(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
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ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
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5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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