ASTM D1691-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water
Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Zinc is an essential and beneficial element in body growth. Concentrations above 5 mg/L can cause a bitter astringent taste and opalescence in alkaline waters. The zinc concentration of U.S. drinking waters varies between 0.06 and 7.0 mg/L with a mean of 1.33 mg/L. Zinc most commonly enters the domestic water supply from deterioration of galvanized iron and dezincification of brass. Zinc in water also may result from industrial water pollution.3
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of zinc in water. Two test methods are given as follows:
Test Method
Concentration Range
Sections
A—Atomic Absorption, Direct
0.05 to 2 mg/L
8-16
B—Atomic Absorption,
Chelation-Extraction
20 to 200 μg/L
17-25
1.2 Either dissolved or total recoverable zinc may be determined.
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with reagent grade water. See the specific test method for applicability to other matrices. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of these test methods in other matrices.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6 and Note 6, Note 10, and Note 16.
1.6 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1691 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Zinc in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of zinc in
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
water. Two test methods are given as follows:
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
Test Method Concentration Sections
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
Range
A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 0.05 to 2 mg/L 8–16 D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
B—Atomic Absorption, 20 to 200 µg/L 17–25
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Chelation-Extraction
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
1.2 Either dissolved or total recoverable zinc may be deter-
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
mined.
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
reagent grade water. See the specific test method for applica-
bility to other matrices. It is the user’s responsibility to assure D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
the validity of these test methods in other matrices.
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
each system are mathematical conversions and may not be
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
3. Terminology
pendently of the other.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 total recoverable zinc, n—an arbitrary analytical term
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
relating to the recoverable form of zinc that is determinable by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
the digestion method that is included in the Procedure.
statements, see Section 6 and Note 6, Note 10, and Note 16.
1.6 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontin-
4. Significance and Use
ued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
4.1 Zinc is an essential and beneficial element in body
2. Referenced Documents growth. Concentrations above 5 mg/L can cause a bitter
2 astringent taste and opalescence in alkaline waters. The zinc
2.1 ASTM Standards:
concentration of U.S. drinking waters varies between 0.06 and
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
7.0 mg/L with a mean of 1.33 mg/L. Zinc most commonly
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
enters the domestic water supply from deterioration of galva-
nized iron and dezincification of brass. Zinc in water also may
3
result from industrial water pollution.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
5. Purity of Reagents
Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
5.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
approvedin1959.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asD1691 – 02(2007)E01.
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
DOI: 10.1520/D1691-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 16th
the ASTM website. edition, 1985, APHA, AWWA-WPCF.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1691 − 12
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical of the filtered and preserved sample directly with no pretreat-
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such ment. Total recoverable zinc is determined by aspirating the
4
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1691 − 02 (Reapproved 2007) D1691 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Zinc in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Practice D2777 – 98 was editorially changed throughout to D2777 – 06 in August 2007.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of zinc in water. Two test methods are given as follows:
Test Method Concentration Sections
Range
8-16
A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 0.05 to 2 mg/L
B—Atomic Absorption, 20 to 200 μg/L 17-25
Chelation-Extraction
1.2 Either dissolved or total recoverable zinc may be determined.
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with reagent grade water. See the specific test method for applicability to
other matrices. It is the user’s responsibility to assure the validity of these test methods in other matrices.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the
other.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6 and Note 56, Note 810, and Note 1316.
1.6 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2012. Published August 2007September 2012. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as
D1691 – 02.D1691 – 02(2007)E01. DOI: 10.1520/D1691-02R07E01.10.1520/D1691-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1691 − 12
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 total recoverable zinc—zinc, n—an arbitrary analytical term relating to the recoverable form of zinc that is determinable
by the digestion method whichthat is included in the Procedure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Zinc is an essential and beneficial element in body growth. Concentrations above 5 mg/L can cause a bitter astringent taste
and opalescence in alkaline waters. The zinc concentration of U.S. drinking waters varies between 0.06 and 7.0 mg/L with a mean
of 1.33 mg/L. Zinc most commonly enters the domestic water supply from deterioration of galvanized iron and dezincificat
...
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